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首页> 外文期刊>BJU international >Environmental factors involved in carcinogenesis of urothelial cell carcinomas of the upper urinary tract.
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Environmental factors involved in carcinogenesis of urothelial cell carcinomas of the upper urinary tract.

机译：上尿路尿路上皮细胞癌致癌作用的环境因素。

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摘要

Primary cancers of the ureter and renal pelvis are rare tumours, > 90% of which are transitional cell carcinomas. Only approximately 5% of urothelial tumours arise in the upper urinary tract (UUT). Many environmental factors contribute to the development of these cancers. Some are similar to bladder cancer-associated factors (tobacco, occupational exposure), while others are more specific to carcinogenesis of the UUT (phenacetine, Balkan endemic nephropathy [BEN], Chinese herb nephropathy or association with Blackfoot disease [BFD]). This review discusses the environmental factors involved in UUT carcinoma. Tobacco and occupational exposure remain the principal exogenous risk factors for developing these tumours. Conversely, carcinogenesis of UUT tumours resulting from phenacetine consumption has almost disappeared. Although the incidence of BEN is also on the decline, roles for aristolochic acid and the consumption of Chinese herbs in the physiopathology and induction of this nephropathy, respectively, have proposed. In Taiwan, the association of this tumour type with BFD and arsenic exposure remains unclear to date. As some genetic polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of cancer or faster disease progression, there is variability in interindividual susceptibility to the development of UUT carcinoma when exposed to the aforementioned risk factors Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyse the detoxification of many environmental chemicals but also in the bioactivation of dietary and other mutagens. Polymorphism of the SULT gene, is thought to confer susceptibility to upper tract tumours.
机译：输尿管和肾盂的原发癌是罕见的肿瘤，其中> 90％是移行细胞癌。仅约5％的尿路上皮肿瘤出现在上尿路（UUT）中。许多环境因素促成这些癌症的发展。一些与膀胱癌相关因素（烟草，职业暴露）相似，而另一些对UUT的致癌作用更特异性（非那西丁，巴尔干地方性肾病[BEN]，中草药肾病或与黑脚病[BFD]相关）。这篇综述讨论了涉及UUT癌的环境因素。烟草和职业接触仍然是发展这些肿瘤的主要外源性危险因素。相反，非那西丁消耗引起的UUT肿瘤的致癌作用几乎消失了。尽管BEN的发病率也在下降，但已提出马兜铃酸和中草药的消耗分别在该肾病的生理病理学和诱导中的作用。在台湾，至今尚不清楚这种肿瘤类型与BFD和砷暴露的关系。由于某些遗传多态性与癌症风险增加或疾病进展更快相关，因此暴露于上述风险因素时，个体对UUT癌的易感性存在差异。胞质磺基转移酶（SULTs）催化许多环境化学物质的解毒作用，但是在饮食和其他诱变剂的生物活化中。 SULT基因的多态性被认为赋予了对上道肿瘤的敏感性。

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