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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of nutrition >Morphological and genetic diversity of shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) in the savannah regions of Ghana
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Morphological and genetic diversity of shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) in the savannah regions of Ghana

机译：加纳大草原地区的乳酸树（Vitellaria Paradoxa）的形态学和遗传多样性

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Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn., commonly known as shea tree or Vitellaria, is ranked the most important tree species of the savannah regions in the most African countries due to its ecological and economic importance for livelihoods and national economies. However, the savannah regions are the most vulnerable areas to the global climate change. Moreover, the Vitellaria populations on farmlands are threatened by the dominance of old trees with low or lack of regeneration. In this study both morphological and genetic diversity were assessed using several phenotypic traits and 10 microsatellite markers, respectively, to assess the impact of land use and agro-ecozone types on Vitellaria in Ghana. The land use types were forests and farmlands, and the agro-ecozone types included the Transitional, Guinea, and Sudan savannah zones. The mean values of morphological traits, such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and canopy diameter (CD), were statistically different between forest (DBH = 22.20, CD = 5.37) and farmland (DBH = 39.85 CD = 7.49) populations (P 0.00001). The Sudan savannah zone with mean petiole length of 4.96 cm showed significant difference from the other zones, likely as a result of adaptation to drier climate conditions. Genetic data analysis was based on 10 microsatellite markers and revealed high genetic diversity of Vitellaria in Ghana: mean expected heterozygosity, H (e) was 0.667, and allelic richness, measured as number of effective alleles A (e) , was 4.066. Both farmlands and forests were very diverse indicating lack of negative influence of farmer's selection on genetic diversity. Fixation index was positive for all populations (mean F (IS) = 0.136) with farmlands recording relatively higher values than forests in all ecological zone types studied, probably indicating less gene flow in the farmlands. Moderate differentiation (F' (ST) = 0.113) was comparable to other similar tree species. Both land use and ecological zone types influenced genetic differentiation of Vitellaria at varying levels. The species was spatially structured across three ecozones and following climatic gradient. The forest reserves are used in situ conservation for Vitellaria in Ghana. High diversity observed in the most arid zones provides opportunity to find and use appropriate plant materials for breeding climate change resilient trees.
机译：vitellaria paradoxa c. f. gaertn。，俗称叶片树或vitellaria，是由于其生计和国家经济的生态和经济意义，在大多数非洲国家排名最重要的树木。然而，大草原地区是全球气候变化最脆弱的地区。此外，农田的vitellaria群体受到低或缺乏再生的旧树木的主导地位的威胁。在这项研究中，使用几种表型性状和10个微卫星标记评估了形态和遗传多样性，以评估土地利用和农业异常类型对加纳的valellaria的影响。土地使用类型是森林和农田，农业杂交类型包括过渡，几内亚和苏丹大草原区。血液（DBH = 22.20，CD = 5.37）和农田（DBH = 39.85cd = 7.49）种群（DBH = 22.20，CD = 5.37）统计学（DBH = 22.20，CD = 5.37）统计学（DBH = 22.20，CD = 5.37）统计学意义＆ 0.00001）。苏丹大草原区的平均叶柄长度为4.96厘米显示出与其他区域的显着差异，可能是适应干燥气候条件的结果。遗传数据分析基于10个微卫星标志物，并揭示了加纳的高遗传多样性：平均预期的杂合性，H（e）为0.667，而且等位基因丰富度为有效等位基因A（E），为4.066。农田和森林都非常多样化，表明农民在遗传多样性方面缺乏负面影响。固定指数对于所有群体（平均f（）= 0.136）为阳性，农田记录比研究的所有生态区类型中的森林相对较高的值，可能表明农田中的基因流量较少。中等分化（f'（st）= 0.113）与其他类似的树种相当。土地利用和生态区类型影响培体的遗传分化在不同的水平下。这些物种在三个杂波和后期气候梯度下进行了空间结构。森林储备用于加纳的Vitellaria的原位保护。在大多数干旱地区观察到的高多样性提供了查找和使用适当的植物材料来培育气候变化的机会。

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