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首页> 外文期刊>Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution >Melanosome diversity and convergence in the evolution of iridescent avian feathers-Implications for paleocolor reconstruction
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Melanosome diversity and convergence in the evolution of iridescent avian feathers-Implications for paleocolor reconstruction

机译：玫瑰素体多样性和融合在彩虹色羽毛的演变 - 对古集合重建的影响

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摘要

Some of the most varied colors in the natural world are created by iridescent nanostructures in bird feathers, formed by layers of melanin-containing melanosomes. The morphology of melanosomes in iridescent feathers is known to vary, but the extent of this diversity, and when it evolved, is unknown. We use scanning electron microscopy to quantify the diversity of melanosome morphology in iridescent feathers from 97 extant bird species, covering 11 orders. In addition, we assess melanosome morphology in two Eocene birds, which are the stem lineages of groups that respectively exhibit hollow and flat melanosomes today. We find that iridescent feathers contain the most varied melanosome morphologies of all types of bird coloration sampled to date. Using our extended dataset, we predict iridescence in an early Eocene trogon (cf. Primotrogon) but not in the early Eocene swift Scaniacypselus, and neither exhibit the derived melanosome morphologies seen in their modern relatives. Our findings confirm that iridescence is a labile trait that has evolved convergently in several lineages extending down to paravian theropods. The dataset provides a framework to detect iridescence with more confidence in fossil taxa based on melanosome morphology.
机译：自然界中的一些最具不同的颜色是由鸟羽毛的彩虹色纳米结构，由含黑色素的黑色素层形成。已知彩虹色素在彩虹色素中的形态变化，但这种多样性的程度，并且当它进化时，是未知的。我们使用扫描电子显微镜从97个现存鸟类中量化彩虹色羽毛中的黑素体形态的多样性，覆盖11个订单。此外，我们评估了两种虫族鸟类的黑色素体形态，这些鸟类是当今分别表现出中空和平坦的黑色素的群体的茎谱系。我们发现彩虹色羽毛含有迄今为止采样的所有类型的鸟类着色的最具变形的黑素体形态。使用我们的扩展数据集，我们在早期的eocene trogon（Cf. primotrogon）中预测彩虹物，但不在早期的eocene swift scaniacelus中，并且既没有表现出在其现代亲属中看到的衍生的素骨组形态。我们的调查结果证实，彩虹物是一个不稳定的特征，它在延伸到帕拉维人的几个谱系中融化了。数据集提供了一种框架，以便根据黑素体形态对化石分类群的更有信心来检测彩虹色。

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