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首页> 外文期刊>Biology Bulletin Reviews >Caucasian Cryptic Species of Rodents as Models in Research on the Problems of Species and Speciation
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Caucasian Cryptic Species of Rodents as Models in Research on the Problems of Species and Speciation

机译：啮齿动物的高加索隐性物种作为物种和物种问题研究的模型

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Problems of species and speciation have been considered with cryptic rodent species of the Caucasus as models. The Caucasian mountain system is characterized by a pronounced altitudinal gradient of the environmental conditions and insular nature of the present-day mountain habitats. These circumstances provide additional possibilities for choosing the concept of species (biological or phylogenetic) and elucidating the speciation pathways (sympatric or allopatric speciation) for model groups of cryptic species, as well as for testing the "refugia" hypothesis. Sibling Sicista species of the "caucasica" group (a group of unstriped birch mice of the Caucasus) and voles belonging to the subgenus Terricola (Microtus, Arvicolinae) were used as model species. Novel data on the karyotype, nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytb, multivariate statistical analysis of odontologic features, and biogeography of sibling Sicista species of the "caucasica" group and pine voles belonging to the subgenusTerricola (Microtus, Arvicolinae) were used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of these species in the Caucasus and analyze the concepts of species applicable to the animals studied. An aliopatric distribution consistent with the hypothesis of speciation in refugia is characteristic of modern sibling Sicista species of the "caucasica" group. The sympatry of Terricola sibling species in the Caucasus is assumed to be secondary, with the phenotypic similarity of the species assumed to stem from adaptation to similar environmental conditions. The coexistence of Microtus (Terricola) majori and Microtus (Terricola) daghestanicus in the Caucasus and the absence of hybridization between these species confirms the sibling status of these species within thebiological concept of species. The existence of Sicista allospecies in the group of unstriped Caucasian birch mice is in best agreement with the phylogenetic concept of species, but considerable chromosomal differences between sibling species, particularly between the extremes of a single evolutionary series within the group (Sicista kazbegica and Sicista kluchorica), do not contradict the biological concept of species.
机译：以高加索的隐性啮齿类动物为模型已经考虑了物种和物种形成的问题。高加索山脉系统的特征是环境条件的明显海拔梯度和当今山区栖息地的自然隔绝。这些情况为选择物种的概念（生物学的或系统的）以及阐明隐性物种模型组的物种形成途径（同形或异源物种形成）以及检验“避难所”假设提供了更多的可能性。模型物种为“高加索人”组的同胞西卡种（一组高加索的无条纹桦树小鼠）和属于Terricola属的田鼠（田鼠（Microtus，Arvicolinae））。利用有关核型，线粒体基因cytb的核苷酸序列，牙科学特征的多变量统计分析以及“高加索”族同胞Sicista物种和属于Terricola属（Microtus，Arvicolinae）的松田鼠的田鼠的生物地理学的新数据这些物种在高加索地区的进化史，并分析了适用于所研究动物的物种概念。与避难所中物种形成的假设相一致的高龄族分布是“高加索”族的现代同胞西西斯种的特征。高加索地区的Terricola兄弟姐妹物种的交配被认为是次要的，而该物种的表型相似性则源于对相似环境条件的适应。高加索田鼠（Terricola）和大田鼠（Terricola）daghestanicus的共存以及这些物种之间没有杂交，这证实了这些物种在物种生物学概念中的同胞地位。无条纹高加索桦树小鼠组中Sicista异种物种的存在与物种的系统发育概念最吻合，但同级物种之间存在相当大的染色体差异，尤其是该组内单个进化系列的极端之间（Sicista kazbegica和Sicista kluchorica ），请勿与物种的生物学概念相抵触。

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