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Balancing Between Goal-Directed and Habitual Responding Following Acute Stress

机译：在急性压力下的目标导向和习惯性之间的平衡

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摘要

Instrumental learning is regulated by two memory systems: a relatively rigid but efficient habit system and a flexible but resource-demanding goal-directed system. Previous work has demonstrated that exposure to acute stress may shift the balance between these systems toward the habitual system. In the current study, we used a 2-day outcome devatuation paradigm with a 75% reward contingency rate and altered food reward categories to replicate and extend our previous findings. Participants learned neutral stimulus-response-reward associations on the first day. On the second day, rewards were devalued by eating to satiety. Subsequently, acute stress was induced in half of the participants using the Maastricht Acute Stress Test, white the other half engaged in a nonstressful control task. Finally, relative goal-directed versus habitual behavior was evaluated in a slips-of-action phase, where more slips-of-action indicate a shift toward the habitual system. Results showed that participants successfully acquired the stimutus- response- reward associations, that devaluation was effective, and that stressed participants displayed significant increases in cortisol and blood pressure. Stress led participants to commit more slips-of-action compared with nonstressed controls. The current study extends previous work, showing that the employed paradigm and outcome devaluation procedure are boundary conditions to the stress-induced shift in instrumental recording.
机译：仪器学习由两个内存系统调节：相对刚性但有效的习惯系统和灵活但资源苛刻的目标导向系统。以前的工作表明，暴露于急性压力可能会使这些系统之间的平衡转向习惯系统。在目前的研究中，我们使用了2天的成果偏移范例，奖励差价率75％奖励差​​价率和改变的食物奖励类别，以复制和扩展我们以前的调查结果。参与者在第一天学会了中立刺激反应奖励协会。在第二天，奖励通过饮食而贬低。随后，使用Maastricht急性应力测试，在参与者的一半中诱导急性胁迫，白色另一半从事非顽固的控制任务。最后，在动作阶段中评估相对目标导向的与惯性行为，其中更多的动作滑动表明朝向习惯系统的转变。结果表明，参与者成功地获得了刺激 - 反应奖励协会，贬值是有效的，并且压力的参与者显示皮质醇和血压的显着增加。与非职位控件相比，压力LED参与者将更多的行动滑动。目前的研究扩展了以前的工作，表明所采用的范例和结果贬值程序是对仪器记录的应力引起的转变的边界条件。

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