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首页> 外文期刊>Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science >Assessment of the importance of gully erosion effective factors using Boruta algorithm and its spatial modeling and mapping using three machine learning algorithms
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Assessment of the importance of gully erosion effective factors using Boruta algorithm and its spatial modeling and mapping using three machine learning algorithms

机译：使用硼鲁塔算法的沟壑侵蚀有效因素的重要性评估三种机器学习算法的空间建模与映射

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摘要

The Maharloo watershed has witnessed many gullies in the recent due to the specific topo-climatic conditions and man-made activities in that area. The present study is set out to address this issue by producing gully erosion prediction maps via three machine learning algorithms including RF, SVM and BRT in Maharloo watershed, Fars province, Iran. Also, this research attempted to consider the importance of effective factors in the occurrence of gully erosion using Boruta algorithm. To this end, gully erosion locations were identified by extensive field surveys as well as the use of already prepared gully raster map of Maharloo watershed. Then, sixteen causative factors of gully erosion such as elevation, slope degree, slope aspect, plan curvature, TWI, distance from rivers, distance from roads, drainage density, lithology, annual mean rainfall, NDVI, land use and some soil characteristics (pH, clay percent, electrical conductivity-EC, and silt percent) were identified and their maps were produced and classified in the GIS. In this study, the relationships among each agent and gully erosion were defined employing the evidential belief function (EBF) algorithm and the weight of each factor's classes was determined. On the other hand, the results of the collinearity test among the factors showed that sand percentage agent had a VIF & 5; therefore, this covariate was removed from the model. Also, the results of the importance of effective factors using Boruta algorithm indicated that three factors including land use, distance from river, and clay percent had the most noticeable importance in the occurrence of gully erosion in the study area. Finally, the gully erosion susceptibility maps were produced using the RF, BRT, and SVM models in the R statistical software. The results of machine learning techniques were evaluated employing 30% of unused locations in the modeling process as well as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Also, in the current research, try to assess the fitting performance of models and their robustness using sensitivity rate, specificity rate, Cohen's Kappa, and 4-fold cross-validation measures. Results showed that the final gully erosion susceptibility maps had an excellent accuracy with AUC values of validation data sets by scenarios 7 and 9 independent factors on gully erosion, respectively (SVM = 0.957, 0.975, RF = 0.991, 0.986, BRT = 0.913, 0.913). The fitting performance measures and robustness technique (4-fold cross-validation) also confirmed the achieved validation results. In order to control and prevent this type of erosion in the Maharloo watershed, there should be protective actions and watershed management measures in place at the primary stages, especially at the beginning of the gully erosion, to control the development of the gully erosion.
机译：由于该地区的特定热门气氛和人造活动，近期Maharloo流域目睹了许多牙龈。本研究旨在通过通过三种机器学习算法生产沟壑侵蚀预测地图来解决这个问题，包括RF，SVM和BRT，Maharloo流域，伊朗Maharloo流域。此外，该研究试图考虑使用Boruta算法在沟壑侵蚀发生的有效因素的重要性。为此，通过广泛的现场调查确定沟壑侵蚀位置以及使用Maharloo流域的已经准备好的沟壑地图。然后，沟壑侵蚀的十六个致病因素，如海拔，坡度，斜坡方面，计划曲率，TWI，距离河流的距离，距离道路，排水密度，岩性，年平均降雨，NDVI，土地利用等土壤特性（pH鉴定，粘土百分比，电导率-EC和淤泥百分比，并在GIS中产生并分类它们的地图。在这项研究中，定义了每种试剂和沟壑侵蚀的关系，采用证据信念函数（EBF）算法，并确定每个因子类别的重量。另一方面，因子之间的相机性测试结果表明，砂百分比试剂具有VIF＆amp; 5;因此，这种协变量被从模型中取出。此外，使用Boruta算法的有效因素重要性的结果表明，包括土地使用，距离河流和粘土百分比的三种因素在研究区域沟壑侵蚀的发生中具有最明显的重要性。最后，使用R统计软件中的RF，BRT和SVM模型生产沟壑腐蚀敏感性图。在建模过程中采用30％的未使用位置以及接收器操作特性（ROC）曲线评估机器学习技术的结果。此外，在目前的研究中，尝试使用灵敏度，特异性率，COHEN的Kappa和4倍交叉验证措施来评估模型的拟合性能及其鲁棒性。结果表明，最终的沟壑腐蚀易感性图谱分别具有良好的精度，通过方案7和9个独立因素分别具有验证数据集的AUC值，分别对沟壑侵蚀的独立因素（SVM = 0.957,0.975，RF = 0.991,0.986，BRT = 0.913,0.913 ）。拟合性能测量和鲁棒技术（4倍交叉验证）也证实了实现的验证结果。为了控制和防止这种类型的侵蚀在Maharloo流域中，应该有保护的行动和流域管理措施，尤其是在沟壑侵蚀的开始，以控制沟壑侵蚀的发展。

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