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首页> 外文期刊>Geoscience journal >Characteristics in hypocenters of microseismic events due to hydraulic fracturing and natural faults: a case study in the Horn River Basin, Canada
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Characteristics in hypocenters of microseismic events due to hydraulic fracturing and natural faults: a case study in the Horn River Basin, Canada

机译：液压压裂和自然故障引起的微震事件效率的特征 - 以加拿大喇叭河流域为例

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For two to three decades, microseismic monitoring has been popular in the development of unconventional resources, because the fracture network generated by hydraulic fracturing mainly controls the productivity, and microseismic monitoring enables direct measurements for imaging the fracture network. Nevertheless, some refinements are required to make this method more practical. One challenge is to quantify the effects of pre-existing natural fractures for generating microseismic events. We determine the hypocenters of microseismic events occurring in a shale gas play in the Horn River Basin, Canada, and report several interesting spatial and temporal features of the hypocenter distributions. Automatic phase-picking is applied to waveform data recorded at 98 shallow buried three-component geophones, and phases thought to be from the same event are associated. The initial hypocenters of events are determined by iterative linear inversion algorithm then relocated using a double-difference algorithm, where relative travel time measurements are obtained with the waveform cross-correlation. We group events into many clusters based on fracking stages and their hypocenters, and then define the best-fitting plane of hypocenters for each cluster. Most strikes of the best-fitting planes are consistent with the direction of local horizontal stress maximum, indicating that hydraulic fracturing induces most microseismic events. However, the best-fitting planes of several clusters have strikes similar to those of pre-existing faults or fractures, indicating that pre-existing natural faults or fractures can affect the generation of microseismic events. In addition, some observations suggest that natural fractures can affect the temporal evolution of the spatial occurrence pattern of microseismic events. We observed specific migration patterns of microseismic events around known faults in the study area. Although further work is required for complete understanding of this phenomenon, our observations help elucidate the nature of microseismic generation.
机译：对于两到三十年来，微震监测在非传统资源的发展中受欢迎，因为液压压裂产生的骨折网络主要控制生产率，微震监测能够直接测量用于成像骨折网络。尽管如此，需要一些改进方法使这种方法更加实用。一个挑战是量化预先存在的自然骨折以产生微震事件的影响。我们确定在加拿大霍恩河流域的页岩气相中发生的微震事件的低封闭者，并报告了次静脉分布的几个有趣的空间和时间特征。自动相位拣选应用于在98个浅埋的三组分地理孔中记录的波形数据，并且认为与同一事件相同的阶段是相关的。事件的初始低蜂鸣器由迭代线性反转算法确定，然后使用双差分算法重新定位，其中利用波形互相关获得相对行进时间测量。我们将事件分组为基于压缩阶段及其斜视的许多集群，然后为每个群集定义最佳效率平面。最突击的最佳平面符合局部水平应力的最大方向，表明液压压裂诱导大多数微震事件。然而，几个簇的最合适的平面剧烈与预先存在的故障或骨折相似，表明存在预先存在的自然故障或裂缝会影响微震事件的产生。此外，一些观察结果表明，自然裂缝会影响微震事件的空间发生模式的时间演变。我们观察了研究区域中已知故障周围的微震事件的特定迁移模式。虽然完全了解这一现象需要进一步的工作，但我们的观察结果有助于阐明微震产生的性质。

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