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首页> 外文期刊>Georgetown Journal of International Law >PROTECTING RIGHTS 'IN SMALL PLACES': WHY DEPRIVING GIRLS OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION IS GENDER-BASED PERSECUTION AND A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY
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PROTECTING RIGHTS 'IN SMALL PLACES': WHY DEPRIVING GIRLS OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION IS GENDER-BASED PERSECUTION AND A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY

机译：保护权利“在小地方”：为什么剥夺教育权的女孩是基于性别的迫害和危害人类犯罪

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摘要

In recent conflicts, armed groups have strategically used violent attacks to deprive girls of their fundamental right to education, targeting girls' schools, teachers, and students in order to sow terror and reshape society to conform with discriminatory and dehumanizing ideologies. Such attacks by the Taliban in Afghanistan, Boko Haram in Nigeria, and more cause unique, severe, and long-term harms to girls' health and well-being. Yet these harms have thus far gone unaddressed by international humanitarian law, to the detriment of some of the most vulnerable victims of modern conflicts. This Note argues that tribunals such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) must recognize that attacks to intentionally deprive girls of their right to education are gender-based persecution, and that such attacks should be recognized as a new crime against humanity. Thawing on the Taliban's attacks against girls' education in Afghanistan as a case study, it is clear that such targeted violence has severe negative consequences for the ability of girls to access their fundamental right to education. Key precedents in international law, particularly from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, support the assertion that attacks on girls' education are sufficient to constitute the crime of gender-based persecution and to be considered an independent crime against humanity. The severe and lifelong harms that result from depriving girls of the right to education satisfy the gravity of harm threshold and are unique enough to recognize this "new" crime against humanity. While the ICC has yet to open a formal investigation into the Taliban's actions in Afghanistan, armed groups in other countries have and continue to wage similar discriminatory attacks on girls' education. In such situations, the ICC and other tribunals should seek to hold the perpetrators accountable for gender-based persecution and the crime against humanity of depriving girls of the right to education.
机译：在最近的冲突中，武装团体在战略上使用了暴力袭击，以剥夺对教育的基本权利的暴力袭击，瞄准女孩的学校，教师和学生，以播种恐怖和重塑社会，以符合歧视性和非人化意识形态。在阿富汗的塔利班的这种袭击，尼日利亚的Boko Haram，以及更有原因的独特，严重，长期危害女孩的健康和福祉。然而，这些危害迄今为止，国际人道主义法尚未受到影响，这是损害现代冲突的一些最脆弱的受害者。本说明认为，国际刑事法院（ICC）等法庭必须认识到，故意剥夺教育权的袭击是基于性别的迫害，并且这种袭击应该被认为是一种新的危害人类犯罪。在塔利班对阿富汗的攻击袭击塔利班的袭击事件作为一个案例研究，很明显，这种有针对性的暴力对女孩获得其基本权利的能力具有严重的负面影响。国际法中的主要先例，特别是来自前南斯拉夫的国际刑事法庭，支持对女孩教育的攻击足以构成基于性别的迫害的罪行，并被视为违反人类的独立罪行。由于剥夺教育权的女孩而导致的严重和终身危害会满足危害阈值的重力，并且是足以认识到这种“新”危害人类犯罪的独特。虽然ICC尚未开展正式调查塔利班在阿富汗的行动，但其他国家的武装团体有并继续对女孩教育的类似歧视性攻击。在这种情况下，ICC和其他法庭应该寻求持有对性别迫害和剥夺教育权剥夺女孩的人类犯罪的肇事者。

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