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The timestep constraint in solving the gravitational wave equations sourced by hydromagnetic turbulence

机译:求解氢磁湍流来求解引力波方程的时间步约

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Hydromagnetic turbulence produced during phase transitions in the early universe can be a powerful source of stochastic gravitational waves (GWs). GWs can be modelled by the linearised spatial part of the Einstein equations sourced by the Reynolds and Maxwell stresses. We have implemented two differentGWsolvers into the Pencil Code - a code which uses a third order timestep and sixth order finite differences. Using direct numerical integration of theGWequations, we study the appearance of a numerical degradation of the GW amplitude at the highest wavenumbers, which depends on the length of the timestep - even when the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition is ten times below the stability limit. This degradation leads to a numerical error, which is found to scale with the third power of the timestep. A similar degradation is not seen in the magnetic and velocity fields. To mitigate numerical degradation effects, we alternatively use the exact solution of the GW equations under the assumption that the source is constant between subsequent timesteps. This allows us to use a much longer timestep, which cuts the computational cost by a factor of about ten.
机译:早期宇宙中相变期间产生的水磁湍流可以是随机重力波(GWS)的强大来源。 GWS可以由雷诺和麦克斯韦尔胁迫地利用的爱因斯坦方程的线性空间部分进行建模。我们已将两个不同的奖励器中的铅笔代码 - 使用三阶时间和第六阶有限差异的代码。使用TepGWequation的直接数值集成,我们研究了最高波兰位的GW振幅的数值劣化的外观,这取决于时间戳的长度 - 即使当傅兔弗里德里希条件是低于稳定极限的十倍。这种劣化导致数值误差,该误差与时间步来的第三个电源相比。在磁性和速度场中没有看到类似的劣化。为了缓解数值劣化效果,还可以在假设源在后续时间步之间使用GW方程的精确解。这使我们能够使用更长的时间,这将计算成本减少约十个。

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