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Wing kinematics measurement and aerodynamics of a dragonfly in turning flight

机译：转动飞行中蜻蜓的翼运动学测量和空气动力学

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摘要

This study integrates high-speed photogrammetry, 3D surface reconstruction, and computational fluid dynamics to explore a dragonfly (Erythemis Simplicicollis) in free flight. Asymmetric wing kinematics and the associated aerodynamic characteristics of a turning dragonfly are analyzed in detail. Quantitative measurements of wing kinematics show that compared to the outer wings, the inner wings sweep more slowly with a higher angle of attack during the downstroke, whereas they flap faster with a lower angle of attack during the upstroke. The inner-outer asymmetries of wing deviations result in an oval wingtip trajectory for the inner wings and a figure-eight wingtip trajectory for the outer wings. Unsteady aerodynamics calculations indicate significantly asymmetrical force production between the inner and outer wings, especially for the forewings. Specifically, the magnitude of the drag force on the inner forewing is approximately 2.8 times greater than that on the outer forewing during the downstroke. In the upstroke, the outer forewing generates approximately 1.9 times greater peak thrust than the inner forewing. To keep the body aloft, the forewings contribute approximately 64% of the total lift, whereas the hindwings provide 36%. The effect of forewing-hindwing interaction on the aerodynamic performance is also examined. It is found that the hindwings can benefit from this interaction by decreasing power consumption by 13% without sacrificing force generation.
机译：本研究集成了高速摄影测量，3D表面重建和计算流体动力学，以探索自由飞行中的蜻蜓（Erythemis Simplicolis）。详细分析了不对称的翼运动学和转弯蜻蜓的相关空气动力学特性。翼状运动学的定量测量表明，与外翼相比，内翼在下行程中的攻角更慢地扫过，而在上行程期间，它们在较低的攻角越来越快地拍打。机翼偏差的内外不对称地导致内部翼的椭圆形翼形轨迹和外部翼的图 - 八个翼形轨迹。不稳定的空气动力学计算表明内部和外部翼之间的显着不对称的力量，特别是用于前翅。具体地，内部前翅上的拖曳力的大小约为下行程期间外部前翅上的2.8倍。在上行中，外部前翅产生比内部前翅更高的峰值推力大约1.9倍。为了保持身体高举，前翅约有64％的总升力，而挤出提供36％。还研究了预防 - 印度相互作用对空气动力学性能的影响。发现挤出物可以通过在不牺牲力产生的情况下通过减少13％的功耗来利用这种相互作用。

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