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Bioerosion ichnotaxa: review and annotated list

机译：生物统计ichnotaxa：审查和注释列表

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A remarkable diversity of bioerosion trace fossils is reflected by the plethora of ichnotaxa that has been proposed for these structures during the past two centuries. Bioerosion traces include microborings, macroborings, grazing traces, attachment etchings, and predation traces. They occur in calcareous, siliceous, osteic, and xylic substrates, and are known or interpreted to be produced by tracemakers as diverse as bacteria, fungi, algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates. This review presents the status quo of an inventory of all bioerosion ichnotaxa currently recognized as valid, comprising 123 ichnogenera and 339 ichnospecies, including 45 combinationes novae, the majority of which on account of fossil sponge bioerosion traces formerly grouped within the sponge biotaxon Cliona. In addition, the spelling of several ichnotaxa has to be corrected, leading to eight nomina corrigenda, and three cases of primary or secondary homonymy require establishing nomina nova, i.e., the new ichnogenus name Irhopalia replacing Rhopalia Radtke, 1991, as well as the new ichnospecies names Entobia morrisi replacing E. glomerata (Morris, 1851) and Entobia tuberculata replacing E. mammillata Bromley and D'Alessandro, 1984, respectively. Ichnotaxa of dubious or invalid nomenclatural status currently include an additional 76 ichnogenera and 157 ichnospecies. The invalid ichnogenus Ipites is herein reinstated as new ichnogenus. Considering that only four valid (and one invalid) ichnofamilies had previously been established for bioerosion ichnotaxa, we here introduce a suite of 14 additional ichnofamilies: Gastrochaenolitidae, Talpinidae, Entobiaidae, Planobulidae, Ichnoreticulinidae, Saccomorphidae, Centrichnidae, Renichnidae, Podichnidae, Gnathichnidae, Circolitidae, Oichnidae, Belichnidae, and Machichnidae. During the past five decades, the number of valid bioerosion ichnotaxa has more than quadrupled, reflecting a boost in bioerosion research, but also indicating the need for ichnotaxo
机译：在过去两世纪中，已经为这些结构提出的富含ICHNotaxa的血管素痕量化石的显着多样性。生物渗透迹线包括微磁带，宏漏，放牧痕迹，附件蚀刻和捕食痕迹。它们发生在钙质，硅质，骨质和木质底物中，并且是已知的或被解释为通过曲造莫，真菌，藻类，无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的多样化生产。本综述介绍了当前公认的所有生物酸碱的库存的现状，包括123个Ichnogenera和339个IChnospecies，其中包括45种Novae，其中大多数是由于化石海绵生物癌痕迹，以前在海绵生物蔓延扣组中追踪。此外，必须纠正几个ICHNotaxa的拼写，导致八个Nomina Corrigenda，以及三种初级或次级同性恋案件需要建立Nomina Nova，即新的Ichnogenus名称Irhopalia更换Rhopalia Radtke，1991，以及新的ICHNOWIES命名ENTOBIA MORRISI分别取代E. GLOMERATA（Morris，1851）和Entobia Tuberculata，分别取代E. Mammillata Bromley和D'Alessandro，1984年。可疑或无效的命名状态的ICHNotaxa目前包括额外的76个Ichnogenera和157个Ichnospecies。无效的Ichnogenus IPITE在此恢复为新的Ichnogenus。考虑到以前只为生物殖民地伊希诺萨达建立了四个有效的（和一个无效）Ichnofamilies，我们在这里介绍了14个额外的ICHNOFAMILIES：Gastrochaenolitidae，Talpinidae，Ensobiaidae，Planobulidae，Ichnoritulinidae，Saccomorphidae，Centrichnidae，Renichnidae，Podichnidae，Gnathichnidae，Circolitidae ，oichnidae，belichnidae和machichnidae。在过去的五十年中，有效的生物侵入性Ichnotaxa的数量超过四倍，反映了生物统治研究的增强，也表明需要对ICHNotaxo的需求

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