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首页> 外文期刊>Fish & Shellfish Immunology >Immune response modulation upon sequential heterogeneous co-infection with Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and VHSV in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
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Immune response modulation upon sequential heterogeneous co-infection with Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and VHSV in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

机译：棕色鳟鱼肺骨膜肺肺骨膜和VHSV序列异质相应的免疫应答调节（Salmo Trutta）

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摘要

Simultaneous and sequential infections often occur in wild and farming environments. Despite growing awareness, co-infection studies are still very limited, mainly to a few well-established human models. European salmonids are susceptible to both Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD), an endemic emergent disease caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, and Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS), an OIE notifiable listed disease caused by the Piscine Novirhabdovirus. No information is available as to how their immune system reacts when interacting with heterogeneous infections. A chronic (PKD) + acute (VHS) sequential co-infection model was established to assess if the responses elicited in co-infected fish are modulated, when compared to fish with single infections. Macro- and microscopic lesions were assessed after the challenge, and infection status confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis, enabling the identification of singly-infected and co-infected fish. A typical histophlogosis associated with histozoic extrasporogonic T. bryosalmonae was detected together with acute inflammation, haemorrhaging and necrosis due to the viral infection. The host immune response was measured in terms of key marker genes expression in kidney tissues. During T. bryosalmonae/VHSV-Ia co-infection, modulation of pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial peptide genes was strongly influenced by the viral infection, with a protracted inflammatory status, perhaps representing a negative side effect in these fish. Earlier activation of the cellular and humoral responses was detected in co-infected fish, with a more pronounced upregulation of Th1 and antiviral marker genes. These results reveal that some brown trout immune responses are enhanced or prolonged during PKD/VHS co-infection, relative to single infection.
机译：同时和连续的感染通常发生在野外和农业环境中。尽管提高了意识，但共感染研究仍然非常有限，主要是少数良好的人类模型。欧洲鲑鱼易受增殖性肾病（PKD）的影响，由粘虫寄生虫Tetracalsuloides Bryosalmonae和病毒出血性遗产病（VHS），由Piscine Novirabdovirus引起的OIE概念的上市疾病引起的。无论是如何在与异质感染相互作用时，他们的免疫系统如何反应。建立了慢性（PKD）+急性（VHS）顺序共感染模型，以评估是否在与单一感染的鱼类相比时被调节在感染的鱼类中引起的反应。在攻击后评估宏观和微观病变，并通过RT-QPCR分析证实的感染状态，从而能够识别单独感染和有关鱼类。与病毒感染引起的急性炎症，出血和坏死一起检测到与组织学卓越术语T.Bryosalmonape相关的典型组合性。在肾组织中的关键标志物基因表达的方面测量宿主免疫应答。在T.Bryosalmonae / VHSV-Ia的共感染期间，促炎和抗微生物肽基因的调节受病毒感染的强烈影响，具有延伸的炎症状态，可能代表这些鱼中的负面副作用。在共感染的鱼中检测到细胞和体液反应的早期激活，具有更明显的Th1和抗病毒标记基因的上调。这些结果表明，在PKD / VHS相互传染期间，一些棕色鳟鱼免疫应答在PKD / VHS的共感染期间增加或延长。

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