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Parasites of invasive freshwater fishes and the factors affecting their richness

机译：侵袭性淡水鱼寄生虫和影响其丰富性的因素

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摘要

Freshwater environments are threatened by nonnative species introductions, often involving fishes. Parasites and pathogens introduced with fishes have the potential to infect native taxa and should be investigated. We examined 726 fishes representing 6 invasive species from 27 ponds in California to evaluate how parasite richness, infection prevalence, and parasite abundance varied with host body size, host species, pond identity, and environmental variables. We identified 14 parasitic taxa based on morphological and molecular techniques. Overall, 60% of fish were infected with ≥1 parasite taxa: 6 trematodes, 3 monogeneans, 3 nematodes, 1 larval cestode (unidentified), and 1 acanthocephalan. Micropterus salmoides had the highest average infection prevalence (85% ± 0.08 SE, n = 17 site–year combinations), the highest average infection abundance (292.51 ± 119.10 SE parasites/fish), and the 2~(nd)- highest γ diversity (10 taxa; Lepomis macrochirus had 11 total parasite taxa). In contrast, Gambusia affinis consistently supported the lowest parasite abundance, infection prevalence, and richness. Across all fish species, larger body size was associated with a broader diversity of parasites, but host sex had no effect. Increased pond area, pH, and aquatic community diversity also were correlated positively with parasite richness in fish populations, consistent with potential influences of colonization opportunities and the ‘diversity begets diversity’ hypothesis. A shortage of historical information on the native ranges of observed parasites precluded an assessment of whether these infections were introduced with their fish hosts. Nonetheless, they have the potential to directly or indirectly affect interactions between introduced fishes and native fauna, particularly given the near-absence of native lentic fishes in this region and the fact that several infections are shared with sensitive endemic taxa, such as amphibians.
机译：淡水环境受到非健身介绍的威胁，通常涉及鱼类。用鱼类引入的寄生虫和病原体有可能感染原生分类群，应该调查。我们检查了来自加利福尼亚州的27个池塘的6个侵入物种的726条鱼类，以评估寄生虫丰富，感染患病率和寄生虫丰富因宿主体大小，宿主物种，池塘身份和环境变量而变化。我们鉴定了基于形态学和分子技术的14个寄生类别。总体而言，60％的鱼类被感染≥1寄生虫分类群：6个雷达物，3个单义，3个线虫，1个幼虫（未识别）和1个丙哒藻。 MicroPerus Salmoides的平均感染患病率最高（85％±0.08 SE，N = 17个遗址组合），最高的平均感染丰度（292.51±119.10硒寄生虫/鱼），以及2〜（ND） - 最高γ多样性（10个分类群; Lepomis macrochirus总寄生虫素增加了11个）。相比之下，甘比乌西亚始终如一地支持最低的寄生石丰富，感染患病率和丰富性。在所有鱼类中，较大的体型与更广泛的寄生虫多样性相关，但宿主性没有效果。池塘面积增加，pH和水生社区多样性也与鱼群中的寄生石丰富，与殖民机会的潜在影响一致，“多样性导致多样性”假设的潜在影响一致。关于观察寄生虫的本地范围的历史信息短缺缺乏对这些感染是否用其鱼宿主引入这些感染的评估。尽管如此，它们有可能直接或间接地影响引入的鱼类和土着动物区之间的相互作用，特别是在此区域的近乎没有原生鱼类的情况下，几种感染与敏感的地方性分类群（如两栖分子）共用。

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