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A predicted change in the amino acid landscapes available to freshwater carnivores

机译：淡水肉食病毒可用于氨基酸景观的预测变化

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Anthropogenic effects lead to nonrandom alterations to macroinvertebrate communities, which may lead to alteration of the ‘micronutrient landscapes’ experienced by higher consumers. Understanding how amino acid composition varies among taxa and guilds is an essential step toward predicting how micronutrient landscape alteration will affect carnivores. We assessed whether: 1) wild macroinvertebrate prey varied in their amino acid compositions, 2) variation in amino acid composition was correlated with economical selection pressures or functional traits that may separate the compositions of functional feeding groups (FFGs) or is simply a result of phylogeny, and 3) simulated anthropogenic change in the composition of macroinvertebrate communities affects the amino acid composition of the nutrient landscape. Amino acid composition varied significantly among taxa and was strongly correlated with phylogeny but not FFGs. The amino acid compositions of holometabolous insects (those that undergo complete metamorphosis; Trichoptera and Diptera) differed from those of hemimetabolous insects (those that undergo incomplete metamorphosis; Ephemeroptera and Hemiptera). This separation can be explained by morphological and physiological traits involved in pupation or nymphal development. Simulated deterioration of macroinvertebrate communities changed the amino acid landscape, resulting in lower availability of threonine, phenylalanine, proline, and tyrosine to carnivores. Amino acid availability to carnivores is likely to respond more to the loss of taxonomic lineages than to loss of prey FFGs. Our study provides a critical first step toward understanding how changes to macroinvertebrate communities might affect the availability of amino acids to higher consumers.
机译：人为的效果导致非暴力界的非粗暴改变，这可能导致更高消费者经历的“微量营养器景观”的改变。了解氨基酸组成如何在分类群中变化，公会是预测微量营养素景观改变将如何影响食肉动物的重要步骤。我们评估了：1）野生大型门椎间猎物在其氨基酸组合物中变化，2）氨基酸组合物的变化与可分离功能喂养基团（FFG）的组合物或仅仅是一种经济选择压力或功能性质的变化。系统发育和3）大型脊椎动物群落组合物的模拟人体发生变化影响了营养景观的氨基酸组成。氨基酸组分在分类群中变化显着变化，与系统发生强烈相关但不是FFG。饱和昆虫的氨基酸组成（经历完全变态的那些; Trichoptera和Diptera）的氨基酸与半虫昆虫（经历不完全变态的那些）不同;这种分离可以通过参与蛹或若虫发育的形态和生理性状来解释。模拟大型脊椎动物社区的恶化改变了氨基酸景观，导致苏氨酸，苯丙氨酸，脯氨酸和酪氨酸的可用性降低。对食肉动物的氨基酸可用性可能会使分类学谱系的丧失更多，而不是失去猎物FFG。我们的研究提供了对理解大型脊椎门族社区的变化可能影响氨基酸的可用性来提高消费者的关键第一步。

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