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首页> 外文期刊>Fungal Biology Reviews >Climate change, food security and mycotoxins: Do we know enough?
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Climate change, food security and mycotoxins: Do we know enough?

机译：气候变化，粮食安全和霉菌毒素：我们知道吗？

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Climate change (CC) scenarios are predicted to have significant effects on the security of staple commodities. A key component of this impact is the infection of such crops by mycotoxigenic moulds and contamination with mycotoxins. The impacts of CC on mycotoxigenic fungi requires examination of the impacts of the three-way interactions between elevated CO2 (350-400 vs 650-1200 ppm), temperature increases (+2-5 degrees C) and drought stress on growth/mycotoxin production by key spoilage fungi in cereals and nuts. This review examines the available evidence on the impacts of interacting CC factors on growth and mycotoxin production by key mycotoxigenic fungi including Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium species. Aspergillus flauus responsible for producing aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) is a class 1A carcinogen and its growth appears to be unaffected by CC factors. However, there is a significant stimulation of AFB1 production both in vitro and in vivo in maize. In contrast, studies on Aspergillus section Circumdati and Nigri species responsible for ochratoxin A contamination of a range of commodities and F. verticillioides and fumonisins suggest that some species are more resilient than others, especially in terms of mycotoxin production. Acclimatisation of mycotoxigenic fungal pathogens to CC factors may result in increased disease and perhaps mycotoxin contamination of staple cereals. Predictive modelling approaches to help identify regions where maximum impact may occur in terms of infection by mycotoxigenic fungi and toxin contamination of staple crops is hindered by the lack of reliable inputs on effects of the interacting CC factors. The present available knowledge is discussed in the context of the resilience of staple food chains and the impact that interacting CC factors may have on the availability of food in the future. (C) 2017 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：预计气候变化（CC）情景将对主食商品的安全性产生重大影响。这种影响的关键组成部分是用霉菌氧基模具和霉菌毒素污染感染这种作物。 CC对霉菌毒素真菌的影响需要检查升高二氧化碳之间三元相互作用的影响（350-400 vs 650-1200 ppm），温度升高（+ 2-5℃）和干旱胁迫对生长/霉菌毒素的产生通过谷物和坚果的关键腐败真菌。本综述审查了有关互动CC因素对患有蛋白酶，曲霉，镰刀菌和青霉素物种的关键霉菌菌和霉菌毒素产生影响的可用证据。负责产生黄曲霉毒素B-1（AFB（1））的曲霉菌是1A类致癌物，其生长似乎不受CC因子的影响。然而，在玉米体外和体内体内的AFB1生产存在显着刺激。相比之下，对植物诗剖面剖面剖面和NIGRI物种负责Ochratoxin的一系列商品和F. Verticillioides和Fumonisins的污染表明，一些物种比其他物种更具弹性，尤其是在霉菌毒素的产生方面。对CC因子的乳螨虫真菌病原体的适应性可能导致疾病增加，也许霉菌毒素污染。预测建模方法，以帮助识别可能在感染中可能发生的最大抗冲击的区域，并且通过缺乏可靠的输入对相互作用的CC因子的影响缺乏可靠的输入来阻碍毒素作物的毒素污染。本可用知识在弹性食品链的恢复力的背景下讨论，并互动CC因素的影响可能对未来食品的可用性。 （c）2017英国遗传学社会。 elsevier有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

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