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OF DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS PHALACROCORAX AURITUS IN THE HUMBOLDT BAY AREA, CALIFORNIA, 1924-2017

机译:在加利福尼亚州洪堡湾地区的双冠鸬鹚斑氏菌,1924 - 2017年

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摘要

To better understand recent population growth of the Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auriius along the Pacific coast of North America, we assessed long-term breeding population trends in the Humboldt Bay area, California, using aerial photographic survey data collected since 1989 as well as available prior data. The earliest documentations of breeding (but without nest counts) are from 1924, 1943. and 1947 on the outer coast near Trinidad, and from 1959 in Humboldt Bay at Old Areata Wharf. Thebreeding population increased from 188 nests (376 breeding birds) at one colony in 1961 to - 350 nests (700 breeding birds) at four colonies by 1980. and then to peaks of nearly 1 700 nests (3400 breeding birds) in 1997 and 2004 at eight colonies. Breeding was documented at 13 coastal colonies through 2017. The population increased 100 % (9 % per annum) from 1989 to 1997, decreased during the strong 1998 El Nino, and rebounded by 2004. After the 2004 peak, three years of available data indicated slightpopulation decline. For the entire 1989-2017 period, the population increased by 91 % (2% per annum). Artificial habitats in Humboldt Bay allowed most of the population growth, especially Teal Island, which was colonized in 1993 and became the largest colony in all but one ye^r thereafter. Nest totals on the outer coast decreased, likely because of movements to the Humboldt Bay colonies, which are closer to main foraging areas, and because of competition for nesting space with Common Murres Una aalge at one colony (False Cape Rocks). Future growth of the population in the Humboldt Bay area appears limited by the availability of disturbance-free breeding habitat. Declines may occur if artificial habitats are lost.
机译:为了更好地了解北美太平洋海岸的双冠鸬鹚群岛的近视鸬鹚群岛的人口增长,我们评估了加利福尼亚州洪堡湾区的长期育种人口趋势,利用自1989年以来收集的空中摄影调查数据以及可用先前数据。繁殖(但没有巢穴)的最早文件是1924年,1943年,1947年,在特立尼达附近的外部海岸,1959年在老年鹰码头的Humboldt湾。在1961年至1961年的殖民地的188名巢穴(376次繁殖鸟类)增加了来自1961年的巢穴(700次繁殖鸟类),到了1980年的四个殖民地。然后,1997年和2004年在近1700个巢(3400次繁殖鸟类)的峰值八个殖民地。育种于2017年以13日沿海殖民地记录。人口从1989年到1997年增加了100%(每年9%),在强劲的1998年El Nino期间减少,到2004年反弹。在2004年的峰值之后,有三年的可用数据后,有三年的可用数据。轻微的下降。在整个1989 - 2017年期间,人口增加了91%(每年2%)。 Humboldt湾的人工栖息地允许大部分人口增长,特别是Teal Island,它在1993年被殖民地殖民,并成为了最大的殖民地,除了一个YE ^ R之后。外海岸上的巢总数下降,可能是因为洪堡湾殖民地的动作,这更接近主要觅食地区,而且由于在一个殖民地(假斗篷岩石的普通Murres Una Aalge竞争,因此嵌套空间竞争。未来洪堡湾地区人口的增长似乎受到无扰育栖息地的可用性的限制。如果人为栖息地丢失,可能会出现下降。

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