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首页> 外文期刊>Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Reihe 12. Verkehrstechnik-Fahrzeugtechnik >Evaluation and Demonstration of Ultra Low NO_X Technologies for an On-Highway Diesel Engine
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Evaluation and Demonstration of Ultra Low NO_X Technologies for an On-Highway Diesel Engine

机译：用于高速公路柴油发动机超低NO_X技术的评估与演示

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摘要

Recently introduced 2010 emission standards for heavy-duty engines in the U.S. have established a limit for oxides of nitrogen (NO_X) emissions of 0.20 g/bhp-hr, a 90% reduction from the previous emission standards. However, it has been projected that even when the entire on-road fleet of heavy-duty vehicles operating in California is compliant with the 2010 emission standards, the upcoming National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) requirement for ambient particulate matter and ozone will not be achieved in California without further significant reductions in NO_X emissions from the heavy duty vehicle fleet. There is currently little incentive for manufacturers to pursue emission reductions beyond the current standards, and so the potential for further reductions is unclear. To address this lack of information, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) commissioned a study to evaluate and demonstrate technologies with the potential of achieving NO_X emissions significantly lower than the current engine standard. The target NO_x emission rate for this project over the heavy-duty Federal Test Procedure (FTP) is 0.02 g/bhp-hr. This study involved evaluating improved engine emission control calibration, enhanced aftertreatment technology choices and configurations, improved and more efficient catalyst, improved aftertreatment thermal management, urea dosing strategies, and engine management practices for two heavy-duty engines: one natural gas engine with a three-way catalyst (TWC); and one diesel engine with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR). This discussion is concerned only with the diesel engine platform. A wide variety of technologies were initially evaluated using a novel burner-based approach to simulate the transient exhaust conditions of the engine. This was accomplished using SwRI's proprietary Hot Gas Transient Reactor (HGTR) system. The use of the HGTR allowed for the rapid evaluation of a wide variety of technologies in a more efficient and repeatable fashion. Technologies were evaluated using an exhaust profile that was based on a modified engine calibration that was intended to achieve more rapid catalyst light-off, and reduced engine-out NO_x emissions during the period prior to catalyst light-off. A subset of these technologies were down-selected for evaluation on the engine based on potential for NO_X reduction, impact on GHG emissions, and other factors such as cost and complexity. Based on the engine evaluations, a final configuration was developed to reach the target emission level. The final aftertreatment hardware was tested, and then aged on engine over an accelerated protocol designed to simulate full useful life. This final aged system was then tested to indicate fully aged performance levels. This paper presents the technology screening process, details of the final configuration and controls, and documented emission levels. At the time this paper was drafted, Final Aged results were not yet released for distribution, therefore the details of Final Aging and the Final Aged system performance will be summarized at a later date. System performance was evaluated of both regulatory cycles (FTP, RMC-SET, WHTC) and several vocational field cycles.
机译：最近介绍了美国重型发动机的2010年排放标准。已经建立了0.20g / BHP-HR的氮气（NO_X）排放的氧化物限制，从之前的排放标准中减少了90％。但是，它已经预测，即使在加州在加利福尼亚州经营的重型车辆的整个路上舰队符合2010年排放标准时，即将到来的国家环境空气质量标准（NAAQS）要求对环境颗粒物质和臭氧不均不会在加利福尼亚州实现，重型车舰队的NO_X排放进一步显着降低。厂商目前有很少的激励，以追求超出当前标准的排放减排，因此进一步减少的可能性尚不清楚。为了解决这种缺乏信息，加州空中资源委员会（CARB）委托了一项研究，以评估和展示有可能实现NO_X排放的技术，从而明显低于当前发动机标准。在重型联邦测试程序（FTP）上该项目的目标NO_X排放率为0.02g / bhp-hr。该研究涉及评估改善的发动机排放控制校准，增强的后处理技术选择和配置，改进和更有效的催化剂，改进的后处理热管理，尿素给药策略以及两个重型发动机的发动机管理实践：一个有三个天然气发动机 - 催化剂（TWC）;和一个柴油发动机，具有柴油颗粒过滤器（DPF）和选择性催化还原（SCR）。该讨论仅关注柴油机平台。最初使用基于燃烧器的方法进行了各种各样的技术来模拟发动机的瞬态排气条件。这是使用SWRI专有的热气体瞬态反应堆（HGTR）系统完成的。使用HGTR允许以更有效和更可重复的方式快速评估各种技术。使用基于改进的发动机校准的排气轮廓评估技术，该技术旨在实现更快速的催化剂熄灭，并且在催化剂熄灭之前的时间内降低发动机输出NO_X排放。这些技术的子集是基于NO_X减少的潜力对发动机进行评估，对GHG排放的影响以及成本和复杂性等其他因素进行评估。基于发动机评估，开发了最终配置以达到目标排放水平。最终的后处理硬件进行了测试，然后通过旨在模拟完整使用寿命的加速协议，在发动机上老化。然后测试该最终的老化系统以表明完全老化的性能水平。本文介绍了技术筛选过程，最终配置和控制的详细信息，以及记录的排放水平。在起草本文时，最终成绩尚未释放出分销，因此最终老龄化和最终年龄衰老的制度表现的细节将在以后汇总。系统性能评估了监管周期（FTP，RMC集，WHTC）和几个职业场循环。

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