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Antimicrobial proteins in the response to graphene oxide in Caenorhabditis elegans

机译：抗微生物蛋白在Caenorhabditis elegans中对石墨烯氧化物的反应

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Upon exposure to environmental engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), animals will activate certain response signals to protect themselves from the toxic effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for this response are still largely unclear. Using in vivo assay system of Caenorhabditis elegans, we here found that antimicrobial proteins of LYS-1, LYS-8, SPP-1, DOD-6, and F55G11.4 were activated by graphene oxide (GO) exposure. These antimicrobial proteins functioned as molecular targets of transcriptional factor DAF-16 in insulin signaling pathway, and acted in intestine to regulate the response to GO. Among these antimicrobial proteins, DOD-6, F55G11.4, and SPP-1 participated in the formation of signaling cascade of DAF-16-DOD-6-SOD-3-F55G11.4/SPP-1 in response to GO exposure by activating the antioxidation system. Different from this, LYS-1 and LYS-8, two lysozymes, mediated TUB-2 signaling and DAF-8-DAF-5 signaling cascade, respectively, to regulate the response to GO exposure. During the regulation of response to GO exposure, LYS-1 and LYS-8 acted synergistically, which could be largely explained by the observed synergistic interaction between TUB-2 and DAF-8. Therefore, our results demonstrate the crucial protection role of antimicrobial proteins for animals in response to environmental ENMs' exposure. The elucidated different signaling cascades mediated by antimicrobial proteins provide important molecular targets for future toxicity assessment and chemical modification of GO.
机译：在暴露于环保工程纳米材料（eNMS）后，动物将激活某些响应信号以保护自己免受毒性效应。然而，这种反应的潜在的分子机制仍然很大程度上不清楚。在杆状塞内斯的Caenorhabdisitis的体内测定系统中，我们发现Lys-1，Lys-8，SPP-1，DoD-6和F55G11.4的抗微生物蛋白通过石墨烯（GO）暴露而激活。这些抗微生物蛋白在胰岛素信号传导途径中称为转录因子DAF-16的分子靶标，并作用于肠道以调节对去的反应。在这些抗微生物蛋白质中，DOD-6，F55G11.4和SPP-1参与形成DAF-16-DOD-6-SOD-3-F55G11.4 / SPP-1的信号级联的形成次数激活抗氧化系统。与此不同，Lys-1和Lys-8，两个溶菌酶，介导的桶-2信号和DAF-8-DAF-5信号传导级联，以调节对曝光的响应。在对响应进行响应的调节期间，Lys-1和Lys-8协同作用，可以在很大程度上通过浴缸-2和DAF-8之间观察到的协同相互作用来解释。因此，我们的结果证明了抗菌蛋白对动物响应于环境易暴露的关键作用。由抗微生物蛋白介导的阐明的不同信号级联为未来的毒性评估和GO的化学修饰提供了重要的分子靶标。

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