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首页> 外文期刊>Natural Hazards >Trace metals toxicity in relation to long-term intensive agricultural production in a calcareous environment with different soil types
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Trace metals toxicity in relation to long-term intensive agricultural production in a calcareous environment with different soil types

机译：痕量金属毒性与不同土壤类型的钙质环境中长期密集农业生产的毒性

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Although the level of trace metals in agricultural soils is small, repeated use of both agricultural techniques and agrochemicals may lead to the accumulation of dangerously high levels of some metals in different soils in the long run. In order to monitor the variations of trace metal levels and their toxicity degrees caused by cultivation activities, fractions of total and available (DTPA method) Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cd were assessed in six major soil types [Chromic Calcixerert (CC-V), Typic Calcixerolls (TC-M), Vertic Haploxerepts (VH-I), Typic Calcixererts (TC-V), Fluventic Haploxerepts (FH-I), and Typic Haploxereps (TH-I)] exposed to intensive cultivation over five decades, as well as in adjoining uncultivated soils (as reference). Soil pollution was investigated on the basis of single-factor pollution index (PI), comprehensive pollution index (PIN), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk (RI). Except for DTPA-extractable Cd, the level of both total (Mn, 700-960 mg kg(-1); Zn, 55-78 mg kg(-1); Cu, 23-39 mg kg(-1); Cd, 1.6-3.4 mg kg(-1)) and available fractions (Mn, 8-20 mg kg(-1); Zn, 0.66-2 mg kg(-1), Cu, 1.5-3 mg kg(-1); Cd, 0.42-0.7 mg kg(-1)) of the metals were below their maximum permissible limits based on national and international standards. There was a remarkable buildup of DTPA-extractable Mn (2.2-35%) and Cd (10-43%) as well as total fraction of Zn (3-19%), Cu (12-32%), and Cd (24-105%) for the majority of the examined soils mainly due to the repeated application of agrochemical inputs (e.g., chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides) and manure over a long period of time. Considering the potential ecological risk assessment of the cultivated soils (min = 44, max = 70, mean = 70), 50% of the soil types were categorized as causing low potential ecological risk (the soil types of CC-V, TC-M, and VH-I) and 50% were also considered as causing moderate potential ecological risk (the soil types of TC-I, FH-I, and TH-I). The Cd pollution was relatively more serious than other metals according to the mean values of PI, PIN, PLI, and RI. The potential ecological risk in different soil types was in the order of CC-V > TC-M > VH-I > TC-I > TH-I > FH-I, suggesting that a great variety of different soil types are responsible for the dynamics of the analyzed trace metals.
机译：虽然农业土壤中的痕量金属水平小，但农业技术和农用化学品的重复使用可能导致在长期的不同土壤中积累危险的大量金属。为了监测痕量金属水平的变化及其由培养活性引起的毒性程度，在六种主要土壤类型[Chromic Calcixerert（CC-V. ），典型的Calcixerolls（TC-M），Vertic Haploxerepts（VH-I），典型的钙质钙（TC-V），氟化术Haploxerepts（FH-I）和典型的Haploxereps（TH-I）]暴露于五十年内的强化栽培以及邻接未开垦的土壤（作为参考）。在单因素污染指数（PI），综合污染指数（PIN），污染负荷指数（PLI）和潜在的生态风险（RI）的基础上调查了土壤污染。除DTPA可提取的CD外，总共（Mn，700-960mg Kg（-1）; Zn，55-78mg kg（-1）; Cu，23-39mg kg（-1）; CD ，1.6-3.4mg kg（-1））和可用级分（Mn，8-20mg kg（-1）; Zn，0.66-2mg kg（-1），Cu，1.5-3mg kg（-1） ; CD，0.42-0.7mg kg（-1）金属低于其基于国家和国际标准的最大允许限制。 DTPA可提取的Mn（2.2-35％）和Cd（10-43％）的显着累积以及Zn的总分数（3-19％），Cu（12-32％）和Cd（24 -105％）对于大多数检查的土壤主要是由于在很长一段时间内重复应用农业化学投入（例如化肥，杀虫剂，除草剂）和粪肥。考虑到培养的土壤的潜在生态风险评估（Min = 44，MAX = 70，平均值= 70），50％的土壤类型被分类为导致低潜在的生态风险（CC-V，TC-M的土壤类型和VH-I）和50％也被认为是导致中等潜在的生态风险（TC-I，FH-I和TH-I的土壤类型）。根据PI，PIN，PLI和RI的平均值，CD污染比其他金属相对更严重。不同土壤类型的潜在生态风险是CC-V> TC-M> VH-I> TC-I> Th-I> FH-I的顺序，表明各种不同的土壤类型对此负责分析的痕量金属的动态。

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