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Dopaminergic and Prefrontal Basis of Learning from Sensory Confidence and Reward Value

机译：来自感官信心和奖励价值学习的多巴胺能和前额叶基础

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Deciding between stimuli requires combining their learned value with one's sensory confidence. We trained mice in a visual task that probes this combination. Mouse choices reflected not only present confidence and past rewards but also past confidence. Their behavior conformed to a model that combines signal detection with reinforcement learning. In the model, the predicted value of the chosen option is the product of sensory confidence and learned value. We found precise correlates of this variable in the pre-outcome activity of midbrain dopamine neurons and of medial prefrontal cortical neurons. However, only the latter played a causal role: inactivating medial prefrontal cortex before outcome strengthened learning from the outcome. Dopamine neurons played a causal role only after outcome, when they encoded reward prediction errors graded by confidence, influencing subsequent choices. These results reveal neural signals that combine reward value with sensory confidence and guide subsequent learning.
机译：决定刺激之间需要与一个人的感官信心相结合他们的学习价值。我们在探测这种组合的视觉任务中培训了小鼠。鼠标选择不仅反映了信心和过去的奖励，而且还有过去的信心。它们的行为符合与强化学习的信号检测相结合的模型。在模型中，所选选项的预测值是感官置信度和学习价值的产物。我们发现在中脑多巴胺神经元和内侧前额叶皮质神经元的预后活动中的这种变量精确相关。然而，只有后者发挥了因果作用：在从结果中加强了学习之前的结果前灭活内侧前额叶皮质。多巴胺神经元仅在结果之后发挥了因果作用，当他们编制了奖励预测错误，奖励预测误差因其信心而分级，影响后续选择。这些结果揭示了与感官信心的奖励价值与随后的学习结合起来的神经信号。

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