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An overview of the basic science of concussion and subconcussion: Where we are and where we are going

机译：脑震荡与次控制基本科学的概述：我们所在的地方以及我们要去的地方

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There has been a growing interest in the diagnosis and management of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), or concussion. Repetitive concussion and subconcussion have been linked to a spectrum of neurological sequelae, including postconcussion syndrome, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia pugilistica. A more common risk than chronic traumatic encephalopathy is the season-ending or career-ending effects of concussion or its mismanagement. To effectively prevent and treat the sequelae of concussion, it will be important to understand the basic processes involved. Reviewed in this paper are the forces behind the primary phase of injury in mild TBI, as well as the immediate and delayed cellular events responsible for the secondary phase of injury leading to neuronal dysfunction and possible cell death. Advanced neuroimaging sequences have recently been developed that have the potential to increase the sensitivity of standard MRI to detect both structural and functional abnormalities associated with concussion, and have provided further insight into the potential underlying pathophysiology. Also discussed are the potential long-term effects of repetitive mild TBI, particularly chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Much of the data regarding this syndrome is limited to postmortem analyses, and at present there is no animal model of chronic traumatic encephalopathy described in the literature. As this arena of TBI research continues to evolve, it will be imperative to appropriately model concussive and even subconcussive injuries in an attempt to understand, prevent, and treat the associated chronic neurodegenerative sequelae.
机译：对轻度创伤性脑损伤（TBI）或脑震荡的诊断和管理有越来越感兴趣。重复的脑震荡和次控制已被链接到一种神经系统后遗症，包括后调整综合征，慢性创伤性脑病，轻度认知障碍和痴呆症牌蛋白。比慢性创伤性脑病更常见的风险是脑震荡或其管理的季节性或职业结束效果。为了有效预防和治疗脑后后，了解所涉及的基本过程将是很重要的。本文审查是轻度TBI损伤初级阶段后的力量，以及负责损伤二次阶段的直接和延迟细胞事件，导致神经元功能障碍和可能的细胞死亡。最近开发了先进的神经影像序列，其具有增加标准MRI的灵敏度，以检测与脑震荡相关的结构和功能异常，并提供进一步了解潜在的潜在病理生理学。还讨论的是重复性轻度TBI的潜在长期影响，特别是关于该综合征的数据的慢性创伤性脑病。关于该综合征的数据仅限于后期分析，目前没有文献中描述的慢性创伤性脑病的动物模型。随着这对TBI研究的竞技场继续发展，在试图了解，预防和治疗相关慢性神经变性后遗症的情况下，它必须适当地模拟震动甚至次要伤害。

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