Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a review of structural changes and measurement techniques

Nouri Aria; Martin Allan R.; Mikulis David; Fehlings Michael G.

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Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a review of structural changes and measurement techniques

机译：退行性宫颈病变的磁共振成像评估：结构变化和测量技术综述

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摘要

Degenerative cervical myelopathy encompasses a spectrum of age-related structural changes of the cervical spine that result in static and dynamic injury to the spinal cord and collectively represent the most common cause of myelopathy in adults. Although cervical myelopathy is determined clinically, the diagnosis requires confirmation via imaging, and MRI is the preferred modality. Because of the heterogeneity of the condition and evolution of MRI technology, multiple techniques have been developed over the years in an attempt to quantify the degree of baseline severity and potential for neurological recovery. In this review, these techniques are categorized anatomically into those that focus on bone, ligaments, discs, and the spinal cord. In addition, measurements for the cervical spine canal size and sagittal alignment are also described briefly. These tools have resulted collectively in the identification of numerous useful parameters. However, the development of multiple techniques for assessing the same feature, such as cord compression, has also resulted in a number of challenges, including introducing ambiguity in terms of which methods to use and hindering effective comparisons of analysis in the literature. In addition, newer techniques that use advanced MRI are emerging and providing exciting new tools for assessing the spinal cord in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy.

机译：退行性宫颈癌病包括颈椎的宫颈脊柱的频谱，导致脊髓静态和动态损伤，并集体代表成年人中肌球果的最常见原因。虽然宫颈癌病变在临床上确定，但诊断需要通过成像确认，并且MRI是优选的方式。由于MRI技术的状况和演化的异质性，多年来已经开发了多种技术，以试图量化基线严重程度和神经恢复潜力的程度。在本文中，这些技术将解剖学分析到聚焦骨骼，韧带，圆盘和脊髓的那些。此外，还简要描述了颈椎管尺寸和矢状对准的测量。这些工具在识别许多有用的参数中统称。然而，用于评估相同特征的多种技术（例如脐带压缩）也导致了许多挑战，包括在其在文献中使用和妨碍有效的分析比较的方法来引入模糊性。此外，使用高级MRI的新技术正在出现并提供令人兴奋的新工具，用于评估患有退行性宫颈病变患者的脊髓。

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《Neurosurgical focus》 |2016年第6期|共17页
作者
Nouri Aria; Martin Allan R.; Mikulis David; Fehlings Michael G.;
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作者单位

Univ Toronto Div Neurosurg Toronto ON Canada;

Univ Toronto Div Neurosurg Toronto ON Canada;

Univ Toronto Brain Imaging &

Behav Syst Toronto ON Canada;

Univ Toronto Div Neurosurg Toronto ON Canada;

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正文语种 eng
中图分类外科学;
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spine; cervical spondylotic myelopathy; stenosis; disc disease; method; diffusion tensor imaging; compressive myelopathy;

机译：脊柱;颈椎性脊椎肌钙病;狭窄;椎间盘疾病;方法;扩散张量成像;压缩myelopathy;

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1. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a review of structural changes and measurement techniques [J] . Nouri Aria, Martin Allan R., Mikulis David, Neurosurgical focus . 2016,第6期

机译：退行性颈椎病的磁共振成像评估：结构变化和测量技术的审查
2. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a review of structural changes and measurement techniques [J] . Aria Nouri MD MSc, Allan R. Martin MD, David Mikulis MD, Neurosurgical focus . 2016,第6期

机译：退行性颈椎病的磁共振成像评估：结构变化和测量技术的审查
3. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a review of structural changes and measurement techniques [J] . Nouri Aria, Martin Allan R., Mikulis David, Neurosurgical focus . 2016,第6期

机译：退行性宫颈病变的磁共振成像评估：结构变化和测量技术综述
4. Texture Analysis of Spinal Cord Signal in Pre- and Post-Operative T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images of Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy [C] . Ioannis Boniatis, George Panayiotakis, George Klironomos, IEEE International Workshop on Imaging Systems and Techniques . 2008

机译：宫颈脊柱型髓病患者前后术后T2加权磁共振图像中脊髓信号的纹理分析
5. Structural, Microstructural, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures of the Brain and Spinal Cord are Associated with Neurological Symptoms and Chronic Pain in Patients with Cervical Stenosis [D] . Woodworth, Davis Christopher. 2018

机译：颈椎管狭窄症患者的大脑，脊髓的结构，微结构和功能磁共振成像措施与神经系统症状和慢性疼痛相关
6. Enhanced Information Flow From Cerebellum to Secondary Visual Cortices Leads to Better Surgery Outcome in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Patients: A Stochastic Dynamic Causal Modeling Study With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging [O] . Rui Zhao, Yingchao Song, Xing Guo, 2021

机译：增强小脑中的信息流入二次视觉皮质导致退行性宫颈病变患者的更好手术结果：具有功能性磁共振成像的随机动态因果建模研究
7. MODERATED EPOSTERS1385Longitudinal strain assessment in dilated cardiomyopathy patients using a novel accelerated DENSE sequence1407Simultaneous T1 and T2 cardiac quantification with CABIRIA: initial clinical experience1423Head-to-head comparison of acceleration algorithms in 4-dimensional flow CMR1502Left ventricular function and size evaluated by hybrid cardiac positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance: Intraindividual comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction and ventricular volumes derived by two modalities1510Left Atrium assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance at 1.5 and 3 Tesla – age and gender effects1514Comparison of Free Breathing Cardiac MRI Radial technique to the Standard Multi breath-hold cine SSFP CMR technique for the assessment of LV Volumes and Function1536Self-navigated free-breathing isotropic 3D whole heart phase sensitive inversion recovery magnetic resonance without navigator for detection of myocardial infarction1547Assessment of Right Ventricular Strain Using Myocardial Deformation Recovery Semi Automated Technique: Initial Experience and Normal Values1586Tissue tracking myocardial deformation analysis and prediction of left ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction1589Investigating strategies for optimal 31P MRS clinical cardiac at 3T: Initial Results1620Quantitative Criteria for the Diagnosis of the Congenital Absence of Pericardium by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance1632Widespread tissue injury during acute myocardial infarction: evidence from advanced CMR relaxometry1322Computed tomography coronary angiography verSus sTRess cArdiac magneTic rEsonance for the manaGement of sYmptomatic revascularized patients: a cost effectiveness study (STRATEGY study)1339Comparison of low- versus high-dose of gadobutrol for late gadolinium enhancement imaging at 1.5 Tesla: a clinical feasibility study1347Multi-parametric Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Prediction of Cardiac Complications in Thalassemia Intermedia: a Prospective Multicenter Study1461Prognostic value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance derived indexes of myocardial fibrosis in heart transplant recipients1523The role of CMR in the acute phase of hospitalization: changing paradigms1542Preoperative CMR-based score predict ventricular response after surgical left ventricular reconstruction in ischemic heart failure patients1555Excellent response rate to cardiac resynchronization therapy guided with magnetic resonance imaging1626The ECG as a predictor of arrhythmogenic substrate on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in patients undergoing ablation for premature ventricular contractions1649Comparison of T1-mapping at 3.0T CMR and angiographic APPROACH score for area at risk assessment in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction1340Pathological correlates of left bundle branch disease in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study1342Myocardial remodelling and fibrosis in nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance1411The association between fibrosis and contractile dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance1622Persistent myocardial inflammation due to intramyocardial haemorrhage in reperfused STEMI as a precursor to adverse LV remodelling - insights from multi-parametric mapping1566Semiquantitative analysis of low and high b value DWI for detecting myocardial edema in acute myocarditis1567Value of Cardiac MRI In Detecting Coronary Artery Disease In Newly Diagnosed Systolic Dysfunction1570Usefulness of cardiac magnetic resonance in tuberous sclerosis complex1578Papillary muscles offer further insight into hypertrophied hearts: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study1627Diagnostic and clinical implications of CMR timing (early versus late) in patients with troponin positive acute coronary syndromes and unobstructed coronary arteries: Table 1. [O] . Upasana Tayal, Alexandros Kallifatidis, P. Garg, 2016

机译：在使用新的扩张型心肌病的患者缓和EPOSTERS1385Longitudinal应变评估加速DENSE sequence1407Simultaneous T1和T2与CABIRIA心脏定量：在4维流动的加速算法初始临床experience1423Head对头比较CMR1502Left心室功能和尺寸由混合心脏正电子发射断层摄影术评价 - 磁性共振：由两个modalities1510Left庭派生左室射血分数和心室体积的个体间的比较，在1.5和3特斯拉评估心血管磁共振 - 免费的年龄和性别effects1514Comparison呼吸心脏MRI径向技术标准的多屏气电影SSFP CMR技术的LV卷和Function1536Self-导航自由呼吸各向同性3D整个心脏相位敏感反转恢复磁共振导航仪没有检测右Ventricu心肌infarction1547Assessment的评估拉尔菌株使用心肌变形恢复半自动技术：初步经验和正常Values1586Tissue跟踪心肌变形分析和预测左室重构急性心肌infarction1589Investigating策略优化31P MRS临床心脏在3T：初始Results1620Quantitative标准的先天缺失的诊断心包心脏磁Resonance1632Widespread组织损伤急性心肌梗死时：证据先进CMR relaxometry1322Computed CT冠状动脉成像与压力心脏磁共振对症的管理吻合血管患者：成本效益研究（战略研究）1339Comparison低与高剂量钆布醇在1.5特斯拉晚钆增强成像的临床可行性，在中间型地贫心脏并发症的预测study1347Multi参数心脏核磁共振的前瞻性德穆尔心血管磁共振的ticenter Study1461Prognostic价值衍生心肌纤维化指标在住院的急性期CMR的心脏移植recipients1523The作用：改变基于CMR-paradigms1542Preoperative比分预测缺血性心脏衰竭patients1555Excellent响应速度外科左心室重建心脏再同步化后心室反应治疗与磁共振imaging1626The ECG导引作为心脏磁共振成像致心律失常性基板的在ST段抬高心肌infarction1340Pathological在风险评估经历在3.0T CMR T1映射的室性早搏contractions1649Comparison和血管造影APPROACH分数区域消融患者的预测左束支传导疾病的患者与非缺血性心肌病相关因素：心血管磁共振study1342Myocardial重塑和纤维化nonischaemic扩张型心肌病：在从在由心血管磁性resonance1622Persistent心肌炎症评估肥厚型心肌病的纤维化和收缩功能障碍之间心血管磁性resonance1411The协会由于心肌内出血景点在再灌注STEMI为先导，以不利的LV重塑 - 从低的多参数mapping1566Semiquantitative分析和高的b值DWI的见解为在心脏MRI检测冠状动脉疾病急性myocarditis1567Value在结节性硬化症complex1578Papillary肌肉初诊收缩期Dysfunction1570Usefulness心脏磁共振检测心肌水肿提供进一步的深入了解肥大心脏：心血管磁共振study1627Diagnostic和CMR定时的临床意义（早期与晚）患者肌钙蛋白阳性的急性冠脉综合征和通畅的冠状动脉：表1。
8. Electric and Magnetic Fields in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Facility:Measurements and Exposure Assessment Procedures [R] . Bracken, T. D. 1994

机译：磁共振成像设备中的电场和磁场：测量和暴露评估程序

Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a review of structural changes and measurement techniques

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