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首页> 外文期刊>Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences >Plant Parentage, Pollination, and Dispersal: How DNA Microsatellites Have Altered the Landscape
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Plant Parentage, Pollination, and Dispersal: How DNA Microsatellites Have Altered the Landscape

机译：植物亲子关系，授粉和传播：DNA微卫星如何改变景观

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DNA microsatellites provide plant ecologists with molecular markers precise enough to assign parentage to seeds and seedlings. This allows the exact distance and trajectory of successful pollen to be traced to characterize pollination patterns. Parentage assignment of established seedlings also allows researchers to accurately determine how far new recruits have traveled from their seed parent. This paper reviews the history and development of molecular parentage assignment in studies of native plants, as well as the limitations and constraints to this approach. This paper also reviews 53 articles published in the past 15 years that use parentage assignment to study pollination and seed dispersal in native plants. These parentage studies have overturned many common assumptions regarding pollen and seed dispersal patterns. They show that long-distance dispersal of pollen is common in both wind and animal dispersed systems, with average pollination distances commonly being hundreds of meters. The pollination neighborhood is often extremely large, and simple dispersal functions based on distance alone fail to make accurate predictions of pollination. Rather than hindering gene flow, fragmentation and isolation sometimes, and perhaps even commonly, results in increased pollination distances. Studies of seed dispersal using parentage assignment have also yielded some surprises. We now know that it may be erroneous to assume that seeds growing under the crown of a conspecific adult are growing beneath their mother, or that seed dispersal distances are more limited than pollen dispersal distances. Taken together, the studies to date demonstrate that both seed and pollen dispersal are quite complex phenomena influenced by many ecological processes.
机译：DNA微卫星为植物生态学家提供了足够精确的分子标记，可以将亲本分配给种子和幼苗。这允许追踪成功花粉的确切距离和轨迹，以表征授粉模式。既定苗木的亲子关系分配也使研究人员能够准确确定新兵离其种子父辈已经走了多远。本文回顾了天然植物研究中分子亲本分配的历史和发展，以及这种方法的局限性和局限性。本文还回顾了过去15年中发表的53篇文章，这些文章使用亲缘关系研究原生植物的授粉和种子传播。这些亲缘关系研究推翻了许多有关花粉和种子传播方式的常见假设。他们表明，在风和动物分散系统中，花粉的远距离扩散都很普遍，平均授粉距离通常为数百米。授粉邻域通常非常大，仅基于距离的简单散布函数无法准确预测授粉。有时甚至可能普遍地，片段化和分离而不是阻碍基因流动，导致授粉距离的增加。使用亲子关系分配对种子传播的研究也产生了一些惊喜。我们现在知道，假设在同种成年树冠下生长的种子在其母亲下生长，或者种子的散布距离比花粉的散布距离受到更大的限制可能是错误的。总而言之，迄今为止的研究表明，种子和花粉的扩散都是受许多生态过程影响的相当复杂的现象。

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