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首页> 外文期刊>Nursing philosophy: an international journal for healthcare professionals >Nursing history as philosophy—towards a critical history of nursing
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Nursing history as philosophy—towards a critical history of nursing

机译：护理史作为哲学 - 迈向护理的关键历史

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Abstract Mainstream nursing history often positions itself in opposition to philosophy and many nursing historians are reticent of theorizing. In the quest to illuminate the lives of nurses and women current historical approaches are driven by reformist aspirations but are based on the conception that nursing or caring is basically good and the timelessness of universal values. This has the effect of essentialising political categories of identity such as class, race and gender. This kind of history is about affirmation rather than friction and about the conservation of memory and musealization. In contrast, we will focus on how we imagine nursing history could be used as a philosophical, critical perspective to challenge the ongoing transformations of our societies. Existing reality must be confronted with strangeness and the historically different can assume the function of this counterpart, meaning present and past must continuously be set in relation to each other. Thus, critical history is always the history of the present but not merely the pre‐history of the present – critique must rather present different realities and different certainties. In this paper, we use this approach to discuss the implementation of the nursing process ( NP ) in Germany. The nursing process appears to be a technology that helped to set up an infrastructure ‐ or assemblage ‐ to transform nursing interventions into a commodity exchangable between consumers and nurses in a free market. In our theoretical perspective, we argue that NP was a step in the realization of the German ordoliberal program, a specific variety of neoliberalism. In order to implement market‐orientation in the healthcare system it was necessary to transform hospitals into calculable spaces and to make all performances in the hospital calculable. This radically transformed not just the systems, but the ways in which nurses and patients conveived of themselves.
机译：摘要主流护理历史往往将自己定位在反对哲学中，许多护理历史学家都是理论化的终结。在寻求照明护士和女性的生活中，目前的历史方法是由改革主义愿望驱动，而是基于护理或关怀基本良好的概念以及普遍价值的永恒性。这具有基础的政治类别的身份，如班级，种族和性别。这种历史是关于肯定而不是摩擦，以及守恒记忆和肌肉化。相比之下，我们将专注于我们如何认为护理史可以被用作挑战我们社会持续转变的哲学，批判的视角。现有现实必须面对陌生，历史上不同的可以承担该对应的功能，意义和过去必须彼此相对地设定。因此，关键历史始终是本行的历史，但不仅仅是目前的历史历史 - 批评必须呈现不同的现实和不同的确定性。在本文中，我们使用这种方法讨论德国护理进程的实施（NP）。护理过程似乎是一项有助于建立基础设施 - 或集会的技术 - 将护理干预转换为自由市场中消费者和护士之间的商品交易。在我们的理论观点中，我们认为NP是实现德国善行计划的一个迈借，特定的新自由主义。为了在医疗保健系统中实施市场定位，有必要将医院转变为可计算的空间，并使医院中的所有表演变得可计算。这不仅仅改变了系统，而且是护士和患者自己的方式。

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