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首页> 外文期刊>Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences >Genetic transformation of crops for insect resistance: Potential and limitations [Review]
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Genetic transformation of crops for insect resistance: Potential and limitations [Review]

机译：作物抗虫遗传转化：潜力和局限性[综述]

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Transgenic resistance to insects has been demonstrated in plants expressing insecticidal genes such as delta-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), protease inhibitors, enzymes, secondary plant metabolites, and plant lectins. While transgenic plants with introduced Bt genes have been deployed in several crops on a global scale, the alternative genes have received considerably less attention. The protease inhibitor and lectin genes largely affect insect growth and development and, in most instances, do not result in insect mortality. The effective concentrations of these proteins are much greater than the Bt toxin proteins. Therefore, the potential of some of the alternative genes can only be realized by deploying them in combination with conventional host plant resistance and Bt genes. Genes conferring resistance to insects can also be deployed as multilines or synthetic varieties. Initial indications from deployment of transgenics with insect resistance in diverse cropping systems in USA, Canada, Argentina, China, India, Australia, and South Africa suggest that single transgene products in standard cultivar backgrounds are not a recipe for sustainable pest management. Instead, a much more complex approach may be needed, one which may involve deployment of a combination of different transgenes in different backgrounds. Under diverse climatic conditions and cropping systems of tropics, the success in the utilization of transgenics for pest management may involve decentralized national breeding programs and several small-scale seed companies. While several transgenic crops with insecticidal genes have been introduced in the temperate regions, very little has been done to use this technology for improving crop productivity in the harsh environments of the tropics, where the need for increasing food production is most urgent. There is a need to develop appropriate strategies for deployment of transgenics for pest management, keeping in view the pest spectrum involved, and the effects on nontarget organisms in the ecosystem. [References: 310]
机译：在表达杀虫基因的植物中已经证明了对昆虫的转基因抗性，所述植物表达了诸如苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）的δ-内毒素，蛋白酶抑制剂，酶，植物次生代谢产物和植物凝集素。在全球范围内，已经将具有引入的Bt基因的转基因植物部署到多种作物中，但是替代基因受到的关注却很少。蛋白酶抑制剂和凝集素基因在很大程度上影响昆虫的生长发育，在大多数情况下不会导致昆虫死亡。这些蛋白质的有效浓度远大于Bt毒素蛋白质。因此，某些替代基因的潜力只能通过将其与常规寄主植物抗性和Bt基因结合使用来实现。赋予对昆虫抗性的基因也可以作为多系或合成品种使用。在美国，加拿大，阿根廷，中国，印度，澳大利亚和南非的不同种植系统中部署具有昆虫抗性的转基因作物的初步迹象表明，标准品种背景中的单一转基因产品并不是可持续有害生物管理的良方。相反，可能需要一种更加复杂的方法，该方法可能涉及在不同背景下部署不同转基因的组合。在不同的气候条件和热带种植制度下，成功利用转基因技术进行有害生物管理可能涉及分散的国家育种计划和一些小型种子公司。尽管已在温带地区引入了几种具有杀虫基因的转基因农作物，但在热带地区恶劣的环境中，使用这种技术来提高农作物的生产力几乎没有，因为在这种环境中迫切需要增加粮食产量。有必要制定适当的战略，以部署转基因技术进行有害生物管理，同时注意涉及的有害生物谱系及其对生态系统中非目标生物的影响。 [参考：310]

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