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首页> 外文期刊>Land Use Policy >Revisiting forest transition explanations: The role of 'push' factors and , adaptation strategies in forest expansion in northern Phetchabun, Thailand
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Revisiting forest transition explanations: The role of 'push' factors and , adaptation strategies in forest expansion in northern Phetchabun, Thailand

机译：重新审视森林转型解释：“推动”因素的作用及，适应策略在泰国北·奇格特纳北部森林扩张中的作用

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摘要

Researchers and policy makers are increasingly looking at the drivers of forest recovery (or forest transition) for inspiration in their search for win-win solutions to deforestation. However, causal generalizations regarding forest transitions are subject to significant problems. First, forest transition theory (FTT), at least in its simplest renditions, tends to emphasize socially benign processes and fails to pay sufficient attention to the causal role-and social impacts-of negative (push) dynamics. Second, we have yet to understand when and why forest transition drivers sometimes lead to outcomes other than forest transition (e.g., further deforestation). Of particular relevance is the paucity of work analyzing the capacity of actors to counter drivers of forest transitions through adaptation and resistance strategies. These problems can lead to overly optimistic views of the causes and consequences of forest transitions, and this hinders the search for contextually sensitive policy prescriptions compatible with social justice and sustainable development. Using process tracing, this paper presents analysis of the causes of reduced deforestation in the 1980s, and forest expansion in the 1990s and early 2000s, in rain-fed maize farming areas of northern Phetchabun, Thailand. From the perspective of past and current land users, forest expansion mainly occurred following distress-driven land abandonment and land confiscation rather than private afforestation. Increasing economic opportunities induced wealthier farmers (with access to paddy fields) to shift their attention to irrigated cultivation, but this had more indirect and contradictory effects on non-wealthy farmers. Most forest expansion thus appeared to be the result of "push" causal dynamics, to which some farmers were unable to respond or adapt. Adaptation and resistance strategies are discussed, including pluriactivity and political activism.
机译：研究人员和决策者越来越多地看着森林恢复（或森林过渡）的驱动因素，以便在寻求砍伐森林的双赢解决方案中获得灵感。然而，关于森林转型的因果概括受到重大问题。首先，森林过渡理论（FTT）至少在其最简单的演绎中，往往会强调社会良性过程，并且无法足够注意对负面（推动）动态的因果关系和社会影响。其次，我们尚未了解何时以及为何林过渡司机的何时以及为何导致森林过渡以外的结果（例如，进一步的森林砍伐）。特别相关性是通过适应和抵抗策略来分析演员对森林过渡的驱动程序的能力的缺乏。这些问题可能导致森林过渡的原因和后果的过度乐观看法，这阻碍了寻求与社会正义和可持续发展兼容的上下文敏感政策处方。采用流程追查，本文提出了20世纪80年代森林砍伐森林砍伐降低的原因分析，以及20世纪90年代和2000年代初的森林扩张，泰国北部的雨披玉米养殖区。从过去和目前的土地用户的角度来看，森林扩张主要发生在陷入困境的土地遗弃和土地没收而不是私人造林之后。越来越多的经济机会诱导富裕的农民（通过进入稻田）将他们的注意力转移到灌溉培养，但这对非富有的农民进行了更多的间接和矛盾的影响。因此，大多数森林扩张似乎是“推动”因果动态的结果，一些农民无法响应或适应的结果。讨论了适应和抵抗策略，包括多名度和政治活动。

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