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Biaxial nematic liquid crystals: theory, simulation and experiment

机译：双轴向列液晶：理论，仿真和实验

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Those drawn to read this review are surely interested in, and probably involved with liquid crystals, but for different motives. All of you could gain from reading the articles in this edited collection covering all aspects of the biaxial nematic phase. I have been guiltily aware that this excellent book has been sitting on my bookshelf unread since a copy was given to me by Geoffrey Luckhurst shortly after its publication in 2015. I surely intended to read it sometime, but not until I could find a space in my busy life in retirement. I therefore did not need much persuading when asked to review this book to read the 15 articles, written by 23 authors, and covering the theory, methods of characterisation, chemical synthesis and possible applications. And now that I have read them I am very impressed. The articles represent a classic case of a problem posed initially by a theorist, Marvin Freiser in 1970, that since the molecules which form a nematic phase have at most biaxial symmetry, why are nematic phases characterised until that time invariably of uniaxial symmetry? This may now seem an obvious conjecture to make, but it perturbed a strongly held view that apart from the cholesteric liquid crystals formed by chiral compounds, thermotropic liquid crystals formed from achiral rod-like molecules, produce nematic phases which are optically uniaxial. Molecules with disc-like shapes were shown to form thermotropic nematic phases a little later, but these phases are also of uniaxial symmetry. Of course, chemists at this time knew that although classic thermotropic, nematogens, such as PAA, could be thought of as rods (they are elongated), they have no symmetry, and have shapes that fluctuate because of various forms of intramolecular motion.
机译：那些读到这篇评论的人肯定感兴趣，并且可能参与液晶，但对于不同的动机。您所有人都可以通过阅读此编辑集合中的文章来涵盖双轴向列语阶段的各个方面。我一直在犯有这本优秀的书一直坐在我的书架上未读自2015年出版物之后的杰弗里·勒斯希·麦克雷斯赫尔斯我退休的忙碌生活。因此，当被要求审查本书时，我不需要多得多说服，以阅读由23名作者撰写的15篇文章，并涵盖了理论，表征方法，化学合成和可能的应用。现在我读过他们，我印象深刻。这些物品代表了1970年由理论主义者，Marvin Freiser最初提出的问题的经典案例，因为形成向列相的分子具有大多数双轴对称性，为什么向该阵列表征为直到单轴对称的那段时间才表征为此这似乎可以似乎是明显的猜想，但它扰乱了一种强烈的视图，除了由手性化合物形成的胆甾型液晶，由甲状腺棒状分子形成的热致液晶产生光学阶段，该液晶产生光学单轴的向量。显示出圆盘状形状的分子在稍后稍后形成热致向量，但这些相也是单轴对称性。当然，此时的化学家知道，虽然经典的热辐射，那样的Nematogens，如Paa，可以被认为是杆（它们是细长的），但它们没有对称性，并且由于各种形式的分子内运动而具有波动的形状。

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