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Nikinake: the mobilization of labour and skill development in rural Ethiopia

机译：nikinake：动员埃塞俄比亚农村劳动力和技能发展

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>A public mobilization approach known as nikinake drives implementation and technology upscaling in Ethiopia's agricultural extension. This study investigates and describes the processes and effectiveness of nikinake as an extension method used for natural resource management (NRM). The paper draws on empirical field research conducted in Oromia and the southern region of Ethiopia by looking at nikinake in the context of a watershed management campaign in 2015 and 2016. Nikinake is used as an approach to mobilize the public and to promote the skills of farmers and development actors. In principle, the implementation of NRM is voluntary; however, it is largely planned top‐down and enforced through state actors and informal institutions. This study suggests effective integration of social mobilization with reliable extension and a paradigm shift in emphasis from spatial coverage to an effective outcome. Additionally, sustainability and scalability of NRM interventions could be ameliorated by improving experts’ technical skills, raising farmers’ awareness, improving an incentive system, building trust, and better integrating past watershed management and future planning activities. We reflect on the significance of the nikinake experience in Ethiopia for a broader theory of extension‐as‐mobilization for rural development. From the Ethiopian case, a more general recommendation emerges for extension‐as‐mobilization schemes. For long‐term development, it is worthwhile to consider the fit between yearly campaigns as ad hoc project organizations and the existing pattern of actors and institutions responsible for rural development.
机译： >称为nikinake驱动器的公共动员方法在埃塞俄比亚农业中提升的实施和技术升级延期。本研究调查并描述了Nikinake作为用于自然资源管理（NRM）的扩展方法的过程和有效性。本文通过在2015年和2016年的流域管理竞选范围内观看了Nikinake在厄洛米亚和埃塞俄比亚南部地区进行的实证领域研究。Nikinake被用作动员公众的方法，并促进农民技能和开发行为者。原则上，NRM的实施是自愿的;但是，它基本上计划自上而下，并通过国家行动者和非正式机构强制执行。本研究表明，通过可靠的延期和范式转变对社会延期的有效整合，并强调空间覆盖率到有效的结果。此外，通过提高专家的技术技能，提高农民意识，提高激励制度，建立信任，更好地整合过去的流域管理和未来规划活动，可以改善NRM干预的可持续性和可扩展性。我们反思了Nikinake经验在埃塞俄比亚的延长延伸的延长理论的意义。从埃塞俄比亚案中，更加一般的建议就会出现在延期动员中。对于长期的发展，值得考虑年度活动之间的适合作为临时项目组织以及负责农村发展的行动者和机构的现有模式。

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