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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Economics >Citizens' local political participation in the Czech Republic: rural-urban comparison
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Citizens' local political participation in the Czech Republic: rural-urban comparison

机译：捷克共和国公民的地方政治参与：城乡比较

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摘要

The Velvet Revolution in November 1989 in the former Czechoslovakia opened the way to the renewal of the democratic political system. One of the most visible aspects of the Czech political development consisted in the renewal of the essential functions of elections and political parties. On the local level, however, the political process - as well as in other post-communist countries - continued to be for a long time influenced by the remains of the former centralized system wherein the local administration used to be subjected to the central state power. Municipal elections took hold in these countries, however, the local government remained in the embryonic state and a certain absence of real political and economic decision-making mechanism on thelocal level continued to show. The public administration in the Czech Republic had to deal with the changes in the administrative division of the state, the split of the Czechoslovak federation as well as the fragmentation of municipalities whose numberincreased by 50 percent. Decision making mechanisms on the local and regional level were suffering from the incomplete territorial hierarchy of public administration and from the unclear division of power between the state administration and local administration bodies. Only at the end of the 1990s, the public administration in the Czech Republic started to get a more integrated and specific shape. Citizens' participation in the political process represents one of the key issues of representative democracy. The contemporary democracy has to face the decrease in voter turnout and the low interest of citizens to assume responsibility within the political process. The spread of democratising process following the fall of the iron curtain should not overshadow the risk of internal weakness of democracy. The solution should be looked for in more responsible citizenship and citizens' political participation. The degree of political participation is considered (together with political pluralism) to be the key element of representative democracy in general terms, as well as of democratic process on the local and regional level. The objective of this paper is to describe the specifics of citizens' local political participation in the Czech Republic and to show the differences between rural and urban areas. The paper concentrates on voting and voter turnout but deals also with other forms of citizens' political participation.
机译：1989年11月的前捷克斯洛伐克的天鹅绒革命为民主政治制度的更新开辟了道路。捷克政治发展中最明显的方面之一是更新选举和政党的基本职能。但是，在地方一级，政治进程以及其他后共产主义国家在很长一段时间内都受到前中央集权体制的残余的影响，在该集权体制中，地方行政部门曾服从中央国家的权力。这些国家举行了市政选举，但是，地方政府仍处于萌芽状态，并且在地方一级仍然缺乏真正的政治和经济决策机制。捷克共和国的公共行政部门必须处理国家行政区划的变化，捷克斯洛伐克联邦的分裂以及市政当局的分裂，其数目增加了50％。地方和地区一级的决策机制正遭受着公共行政的不完整地域等级制以及国家行政机构与地方行政机构之间权力分工不明确的困扰。直到1990年代末，捷克共和国的公共行政部门才开始变得更加综合和具体。公民参与政治进程是代议制民主的关键问题之一。当代民主制必须面对选民投票的减少和公民在政治进程中承担责任的低兴趣。铁幕崩溃后民主化进程的扩散不应掩盖民主内部弱点的风险。应该在更负责任的公民身份和公民的政治参与中寻找解决方案。政治参与的程度（连同政治多元化）被认为是代议制民主以及地方和地区民主进程的关键要素。本文的目的是描述捷克共和国公民当地政治参与的具体情况，并说明城乡之间的差异。该论文集中于投票和选民投票率，但也涉及其他形式的公民政治参与。

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