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Optimal control of sugarscape agent-based model via a PDE approximation model

机译:通过PDE近似模型的基于Sugscape代理的模型的最佳控制

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There is no standard framework for solving optimization problems for systems described by agent-based models (ABMs). We present a method for constructing individual-level controls that steer the population-level dynamics of an ABM towards a desired state. Our method uses a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) with control functions to approximate the dynamics of the ABM with control. An optimal control problem is formulated in terms of the PDE model to mimic the optimization goal of the ABM. Mathematical theory is used to derive optimal controls for the PDE model, which are numerically approximated and transformed for use in the ABM. We use the Sugarscape ABM, a prototype ABM that includes agent and environmental heterogeneity and accumulation of agent resources over time. We present a PDE model that approximates well the spatial, temporal, and resource dynamics of the Sugarscape ABM. In both models, control represents taxation of agent wealth with the goal to maximize total taxes collected while minimizing the impact of taxation on the population over a finite time. Solutions to the optimal control problem yield taxation rates specific to an agent's location and current wealth. The use of optimal controls (generated by the PDE model) within the ABM performed better than other controls we evaluated, even though some error was introduced between the ABM and PDE models. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using a PDE to approximate an ABM for control purposes and illustrate challenges that can arise in applying this technique to sophisticated ABMs. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
机译:没有标准框架,用于解决基于代理的模型(ABMS)描述的系统的优化问题。我们提出了一种构建单个控制的方法,使ABM的人口水平动态转向所需状态。我们的方法使用具有控制功能的部分微分方程(PDE),以近似于控制ABM的动态。在PDE模型方面配制了最佳控制问题,以模仿ABM的优化目标。数学理论用于推导出PDE模型的最佳控制,其在数字上近似和转换以用于ABM。我们使用Sugarscape ABM,一个原型ABM,包括代理和环境异质性以及代理资源的积累随着时间的推移。我们提出了一种PDE模型,其近似于Sugarcape ABM的空间,时间和资源动态。在这两种模型中,控制代表了代理商财富的税收,目标是最大限度地提高税收,同时最大限度地减少有限时间对税收对人口的影响。最佳控制问题的解决方案产生特定于代理人的位置和当前财富的税率。即使在ABM和PDE模型之间引入了一些错误,使用ABM内的最佳控制(由PDE模型生成)的使用比我们评估的其他错误更好。我们的结果证明了使用PDE以实现控制目的的ABM的可行性,并说明在将该技术应用于复杂的ABM时可能出现的挑战。版权所有(c)2016 John Wiley&Sons,Ltd。

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