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首页> 外文期刊>Scandinavian journal of public health >Persistence of social inequalities in modern welfare states: Explanation of a paradox
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Persistence of social inequalities in modern welfare states: Explanation of a paradox

机译：现代福利国家社会不平等的持久性：悖论解释

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Aims: Social-epidemiological explanations of health inequalities usually take the existence of social inequality as a given and ignore the fundamental questions of why social inequality exists in the first place and why it is so persistent. I review here theories of the explanation of social inequality to identify the processes and/or structures responsible for its persistence. Methods: This paper is a review of the relevant sociological literature. Results: The sociological literature suggests that what persists over long periods of time is not a specific manifestation of social inequality but a meta-phenomenon': the fact that there are different social positions, that these social positions give access to different levels of resources in some graded way and that the distribution of individuals over social positions follows rules that create inequalities in the opportunities for achieving a more advantaged social position. The durability of social inequality in this generic form can then be understood from the persistence of the underlying mechanisms and processes - for example, humans are driven by self-interest, while most objects of their striving are in short supply, therefore a struggle for rewards is present in all societies; humans are unequally endowed, therefore some are more successful in this struggle for resources than others; and the inequalities resulting from these individual level actions are structurally fixated through the intergenerational transmission of (dis)advantage, various societal institutions, and cultural factors. Conclusions: The sociological literature suggests that some mechanisms producing and perpetuating social inequality are more benign' than others. Health inequalities may be more than a consequence of social inequality and may play a more profound part by amplifying social inequalities.
机译：目的：健康不平等的社会流行病学解释通常是作为给定的社会不平等的存在，忽视了为什么第一名存在社会不平等的基本问题，为什么它是如此持久。我在这里审查了社会不平等解释的理论，以确定负责其持久性的流程和/或结构。方法：本文是对相关社会学文献的综述。结果：社会学文献表明，长时间仍然存在的是社会不平等的特定表现，而是荟萃现象：有不同的社会地位，这些社会地位可以获得不同水平的资源水平一些评分方式以及个人在社会地位的分布遵循了在实现更优势社会地位的机会中产生不平等的规则。从潜在的机制和过程的持续存在，可以理解这种通用形式的社会不平等的持久性 - 例如，人类是自身利益驱动的，而大多数他们努力的物品都在短途供应，因此是奖励的斗争在所有社会中存在;人类无比赋予，因此有些人在这种斗争中比其他人更成功;这些个人级别诉讼导致的不等式在结构上通过（DIS）优势，各种社会机构和文化因素的代际传播来构思地解决。结论：社会学文献表明，一些产生和延续社会不平等的机制比其他机制更良好。健康不平等可能不仅仅是社会不平等的结果，可以通过放大社会不平等来发挥更深刻的部分。

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