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Birkenmajer's Copernicus: Historical Context, Original Insights, and Contributions to Current Debates

机译：Birkenmajer的哥白尼：历史背景，原始见解以及对当前辩论的贡献

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Ludwik Antoni Birkenmajer (1855-1929), following along the paths pioneered by Leopold Prowe, Maximilian Curtze, Franz Hipler, and J. L. E. Dreyer, joined them as trailblazers of Copernican scholarship in the nineteenth century. Educated in the classics and mathematics, Birkenmajer began by examining more closely the Cracow background to Copernicus's development and studying his works and annotations in books he owned or read. Birkenmajer contributed many discoveries that eventually became common knowledge, and his studies loomed over Polish research on Copernicus into the 1970s. Focusing on historical context and his original insights, the essay reminds readers of his contributions (sections 1–2), relates them to discussions of Copernicus's precursors (section 3), to the debate about Maragha precedents (section 4), his reading of the Uppsala Notebook (sections 2 and 5), and his account of the origin of Copernicus's heliocentrism (section 6). By means of a more critical assessment of his interpretation, the essay revises earlier accounts, rescuing the original insights that mark Birkenmajer's most important contributions to current debates and his efforts to reconstruct Copernicus's path to heliocentrism.
机译：Ludwik Antoni Birkenmajer（1855-1929），沿着Leopold Prowe，Maximilian Curtze，Franz Hipler和J.L.E. Dreyer和J.L.E. Dreyer的路径之后，将其作为十九世纪哥白尼奖学金的开拓者。 Birkenmajer在经典和数学中受过教育，刚刚将克拉科夫背景仔细检查到Copernicus的发展，并在他拥有或阅读书籍中研究他的作品和注释。 Birkenmajer贡献了许多最终成为共同知识的发现，他的研究迫在眉睫，在20世纪70年代进入哥白尼的波兰语研究。专注于历史背景和他的原始见解，这篇文章提醒读者他的贡献（第1-2节），将他们与哥白尼的前体（第3节）的讨论联系起来，对关于Maragha首先（第4节）的辩论，他的阅读乌普萨拉笔记本（第2和第5节），以及他对哥白尼的起伏症起源的叙述（第6节）。通过对他的解释进行更关键的评估，篇论文修订了早期的账户，拯救了标志着Birkenmajer对当前辩论的最重要贡献的原始见解及其在重建科内克里族的努力来重建了黄昏的途径。

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