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首页> 外文期刊>Seismological research letters >The Effects of Varying Injection Rates in Osage County; Oklahoma, on the 2016 M_w 5.8 Pawnee Earthquake
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The Effects of Varying Injection Rates in Osage County; Oklahoma, on the 2016 M_w 5.8 Pawnee Earthquake

机译：不同注射率在欧塞县的影响; 俄克拉荷马州，2016年M_W 5.8典当地震

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摘要

The 2016 M_w 5.8 Pawnee earthquake occurred in a region with active wastewater injection into a basal formation group. Prior to the earthquake, fluid injection rates at most wells were relatively steady, but newly collected data show significant increases in injection rate in the years leading up to earthquake. For the same time period, the total volumes of injected wastewater were roughly equivalent between variable-rate and constant-rate wells. To understand the possible influence of these changes in injection, we simulate the variable-rate injection history and its constant-rate equivalent in a layered poroelastic half-space to explore the interplay between pore-pressure effects and poroelastic effects on the fault leading up to the mainshock. In both cases, poroelastic stresses contribute a significant proportion of Coulomb failure stresses on the fault compared to pore-pressure increases alone, but the resulting changes in seismicity rate, calculated using a rate-and-state frictional model, are many times larger when poroelastic effects are included, owing to enhanced stressing rates. In particular, the variable-rate simulation predicts more than an order of magnitude increase in seismicity rate above background rates compared to the constant-rate simulation with equivalent volume. The observed cumulative density of earthquakes prior to the mainshock within 10 km of the injection source exhibits remarkable agreement with seismicity predicted by the variable-rate injection case.
机译：2016 M_W 5.8 Pawnee地震发生在一个带有活性废水注射到基底形成组的区域中。在地震发生之前，最多井的流体注射率相对稳定，但新收集的数据在导致地震导致的岁月内显示出注射率的显着增加。同时，注射废水的总体积大致相当于可变速率和恒定速率孔之间。要了解这些改变的注射变化的可能影响，我们模拟了分层的多孔痉挛半空间中的可变速率注入历史及其恒定速率，以探讨孔隙压力效应和多孔弹性效应对导致的故障之间的相互作用主斯克。在这两种情况下，与孔隙压力增加相比，多孔弹性应力导致断层的豆仑衰竭应力促成了对故障的影响，但是使用速率 - 和状态摩擦模型计算的地震性率的变化是何时何时更大的次数由于增强的强调率，包括效果。特别地，与具有等效量的恒定速率模拟相比，变速速率模拟预测了高于背景速率的地震性率高的数量级增加。在注射源10千米内的主轴之前观察到的地震累积密度，与可变速率注射箱预测的地震性显着达成了显着的协议。

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