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首页> 外文期刊>South African Journal of Geology: Being the Transaction of the Geological Society of South African: Syndie die Verhandelinge van die Geologiese Vereniging van Suid-Afrika >Heat flow in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: implications for upper mantle structure
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Heat flow in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: implications for upper mantle structure

机译：Bushveld Complex，南非的热流：对上部地幔结构的影响

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Geothermal measurements in South Africa since 1939 have resulted in a good coverage of heat flow observations. The Archaean Kaapvaal Craton, in the central part of South Africa, is the best-studied tectonic domain, with nearly 150 heat flow measurements. The greatest density of heat flow sites is in theWitwatersrand Basin goldfields, where geothermal data are essential for determining refrigeration requirements of deep (up to 4 km) gold mines; the average heat flow is 51 ± 6 mW m~(-2). The Bushveld Complex north of the Witwatersrand Basin is an extensive 2.06 Ga ultramafic-felsic intrusive complex that hosts the world's largest reserves of platinum. The deepest platinum mines reach ~2 km and the need for thermal information for mine refrigeration engineering has led to the generation of a substantial geothermal database. Nearly 1000 thermal conductivity measurements have been made on rocks constituting the Bushveld Complex, and borehole temperature measurements have been made throughout the Complex. The temperature at maximum rock-breaking depth (~2.5 km) is 70°C, approximately 30°C higher than the temperature at equivalent depth in the Witwatersrand Basin; the thermal gradient in the Bushveld Complex is approximately double that in the Witwatersrand Basin. The main reason for this is the low thermal conductivity of rocks overlying platinum mines. The Bushveld data also resulted in 31 new estimates for the heat flux through the Earth's crust. The overall average value for the Bushveld, 47 ± 7 mW m~(-2), is the same, to within statistical error, as the Witwatersrand Basin average. The heat flow for platinum mining areas (45 mW m~(-2)) and the heat flux into the floor of the Witwatersrand Basin (43 mW m~(-2)) are typical of Archaean cratons world-wide. The temperature structure of the Kaapvaal lithosphere calculated from the Witwatersrand geothermal data is essentially the same as that derived from thermobarometric studies of Cretaceous kimberlite xenoliths. Both
机译：自1939年以来，南非的地热测量导致热流观测的良好覆盖。在南非中部的考古kaapvaal craton是最好的构造领域，具有近150个热流测量。最大的热流部位密度位于威特沃特斯·盆地金菲尔德，其中地热数据对于确定深度（高达4公里）金矿的制冷要求至关重要;平均热流为51±6 mw m〜（-2）。北部北部的Bushveld复杂的氛围是一家广泛的2.06澳大利亚风味侵入式侵入性侵入性侵入性，主持全球最大的铂金储量。最深的铂金矿达到约2公里，对矿井制冷工程热信息的需求导致了一代实质地热数据库。在构成灌木丛中的岩石上已经制造了近1000次导热率测量，并且在整个复合物中已经进行了钻孔温度测量。最大摇滚深度（〜2.5 km）的温度为70°C，比Witwatersrand盆地等效深度的温度高约30°C; Bushveld综合体中的热梯度约为Witwatersrand盆地的两倍。主要原因是覆盖铂矿的岩石的低导热率。 BUSHVELD数据也导致31个通过地壳通过地壳的热通量估算。 BUSHVELD的总体平均值，47±7 MW m〜（2）是相同的，在统计误差范围内，作为Witwatersrand盆地平均值。铂矿区的热流（45 MW M〜（-2））和Witwatersrand盆地的地板中的热通量（43 MW M〜（-2））是全球典型的考古粪便。由Witvatersrand地热数据计算的Kaapvaal岩石圈的温度结构与来自白垩纪金伯利岩XenoLiths的热磁化测量研究产生的基本相同。两个都

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