Eccentric Exercise: Physiological Characteristics and Acute Responses

Douglas Jamie; Pearson Simon; Ross Angus; McGuigan Mike

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Eccentric Exercise: Physiological Characteristics and Acute Responses

机译：偏心运动：生理特征和急性反应

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An eccentric contraction involves the active lengthening of muscle under an external load. The molecular and neural mechanisms underpinning eccentric contractions differ from those of concentric and isometric contractions and remain less understood. A number of molecular theories have been put forth to explain the unexplained observations during eccentric contractions that deviate from the predictions of the established theories of muscle contraction. Postulated mechanisms include a strain-induced modulation of actin-myosin interactions at the level of the cross-bridge, the activation of the structural protein titin, and the winding of titin on actin. Accordingly, neural strategies controlling eccentric contractions also differ with a greater, and possibly distinct, cortical activation observed despite an apparently lower activation at the level of the motor unit. The characteristics of eccentric contractions are associated with several acute physiological responses to eccentrically-emphasised exercise. Differences in neuromuscular, metabolic, hormonal and anabolic signalling responses during, and following, an eccentric exercise bout have frequently been observed in comparison to concentric exercise. Subsequently, the high levels of muscular strain with such exercise can induce muscle damage which is rarely observed with other contraction types. The net result of these eccentric contraction characteristics and responses appears to be a novel adaptive signal within the neuromuscular system.

机译：偏心收缩涉及在外部负荷下肌肉的主动延长。支撑偏心收缩的分子和神经机制与同心和等距收缩的分子和神经收缩不同，并且仍然不太了解。已经提出了许多分子理论，以解释在偏心收缩期间未解释的观察结果，偏离肌肉收缩的既定理论的预测。假设机制包括在交叉桥的水平的肌动蛋白 - 肌球蛋白相互作用的应变诱导的调节，结构蛋白三肽的激活以及肌动蛋白的三肽的绕组。因此，尽管在电动机单元的水平下显然较低，但控制偏心收缩的神经策略也不同，并且可能是不同的皮质激活，并且可能是显然的激活。偏心收缩的特征与几种急性生理反应与偏心强调的运动有关。与同心运动相比，经常观察到神经肌肉，代谢，激素和合成代谢信号响应的差异，并且常常观察到偏心运动Bout。随后，具有这种锻炼的高水平肌肉菌株可以诱导肌肉损伤，这些损伤很少用其他收缩类型观察。这些偏心收缩特征和反应的净结果似乎是神经肌肉系统内的新型自适应信号。

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《Sports medicine》 |2017年第4期|共13页
作者
Douglas Jamie; Pearson Simon; Ross Angus; McGuigan Mike;
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Auckland Univ Technol Sports Performance Res Inst New Zealand Auckland New Zealand;

Auckland Univ Technol Sports Performance Res Inst New Zealand Auckland New Zealand;

AUT Millennium High Performance Sport New Zealand 17 Antares Pl Auckland 0632 New Zealand;

Auckland Univ Technol Sports Performance Res Inst New Zealand Auckland New Zealand;

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正文语种 eng
中图分类运动医学;
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1. Eccentric Exercise: Physiological Characteristics and Acute Responses [J] . Douglas Jamie, Pearson Simon, Ross Angus, Sports medicine . 2017,第4期

机译：偏心运动：生理特征和急性反应
2. SPECIFIC VENTILATORY RESPONSE TO ECCENTRIC VS CONCENTRIC CYCLE EXERCISE: SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS [J] . Masat Julien, Lonsdorfer Evelyne, Oswald Mammosser Monique, Acta physiologica . 2015,第Suppla700期

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3. Acute responses of bone specific and related markers to maximal eccentric exercise of the knee extensors and flexors in young men [J] . T-H Huang, J-C Lin, M-C Ma, The Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions . 2020,第2期

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Eccentric Exercise: Physiological Characteristics and Acute Responses

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