AbstractA deeper understanding of how clouds will respond to a warming climate is one of the outstandi'/> Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles
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首页> 外文期刊>Surveys in Geophysics: An International Review Journal of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences >Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles
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Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles

机译：用于空气传播和基于空间的水蒸气谱测量的新兴技术和协同作用

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AbstractA deeper understanding of how clouds will respond to a warming climate is one of the outstanding challenges in climate science. Uncertainties in the response of clouds, and particularly shallow clouds, have been identified as the dominant source of the discrepancy in model estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity. As the community gains a deeper understanding of the many processes involved, there is a growing appreciation of the critical role played by fluctuations in water vapor and the coupling of water vapor and atmospheric circulations. Reduction of uncertainties in cloud-climate feedbacks and convection initiation as well as improved understanding of processes governing these effects will result from profiling of water vapor in the lower troposphere with improved accuracy and vertical resolution compared to existing airborne and space-based measurements. This paper highlights new technologies and improved measurement approaches for measuring lower tropospheric water vapor and their expected added value to current observations. Those include differential absorption lidar and radar, microwave occultation between low-Earth orbiters, and hyperspectral microwave remote sensing. Each methodology is briefly explained, and measurement capabilities as well as the current technological readiness for aircraft and satellite implementation are specified. Potential synergies between the technologies are discussed, actual examples hereof are given, and future perspectives are explored. Based on technical maturity and the foreseen near-mid-term development path of the various discussed measurement approaches, we find that improved measurements of water vapor throughout the troposphere would greatly benefit from the combination of differential absorption lidar focusing on the lower troposphere with passive remote sensors constraining the upper-tropospheric humidity.
机译：<！[cdata [ <标题>抽象 ara id =“par1”>更深入地了解云如何回应变暖气候是气候科学的出色挑战之一。在云，特别是浅云的响应中的不确定性已被确定为均衡气候敏感性模型估计中差异的主导来源。由于社区获得了对所涉及的许多进程的更深入了解，因此对水蒸气波动和水蒸气和大气循环的耦合作出的关键作用越来越大。减少云气候反馈和对流启动中的不确定因素以及改善对管理这些影响的过程的理解将是由于较低的对流层中的水蒸气分析，与现有的空气传播和基于空间的测量相比提高了精度和垂直分辨率。本文突出了新技术和改进的测量方法，用于测量较低的对流层水蒸气及其预期对当前观察的附加值。那些包括差动吸收激光雷达和雷达，低地轨道轨道之间的微波清除，以及高光谱微波遥感。简要解释了每种方法，并指定了测量能力以及飞机和卫星实现的当前技术准备情况。讨论了技术之间的潜在协同作用，给出了实际的例子，并探索了未来的观点。基于技术成熟度和预见的各种讨论的测量方法的近代发展路径，我们发现，在整个对流层中的水蒸气的改善测量将极大地受益于微分吸收激光器与被动遥控器的差异吸收激光雷达的结合受益传感器限制上层湿度。

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