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Characteristics of Phantom Limb Pain Alleviated with Virtual Reality Rehabilitation

机译：虚拟现实康复缓解了幻影肢体疼痛的特征

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摘要

Objectives. Neurorehabilitation techniques using virtual reality (VR) systems have recently become widespread as a rehabilitation method for restoring phantom limb movement and alleviating phantom limb pain (PLP). However, analgesic effects have varied between studies, possibly because of differences in the characteristics of PLP between patients (e.g., cramping, burning, shooting). We aimed to reveal the relationship between VR effects and PLP characteristics using an exploratory factor analysis. Methods. PLP characteristics of 19 patients were measured using the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), and all PLP patients performed the VR rehabilitation protocol for 20 minutes. During VR rehabilitation, mirror-reversed computer graphic images of an intact arm (the virtual phantom limb) were presented to patients via a head-mounted display, inducing the perception of voluntary execution of movements of their phantom limb when intending bimanual movements. Results. VR rehabilitation significantly restored movement representation (P < 0.0001) quantified using the bimanual coupling effect and significantly alleviated PLP intensity (P < 0.0001). The factor analysis revealed that PLP characteristics could be divided into two factors: "somatosensory-related pain characteristics" and "kinesthesia-related pain characteristics." PLP alleviation via VR rehabilitation was significantly correlated with "kinesthesia-related pain characteristics" (r= 0.47, P= 0.02) but not "somatosensory-related pain characteristics" (r=0.22, P= 0.17). Conclusions. The current findings indicate that VR rehabilitation may be particularly effective for PLP associated with distorted phantom limb movement and body representations (e.g., clamping, gnawing), compared with typical neuropathic sensations (e.g., shooting, burning, dysesthesia).
机译：目标。使用虚拟现实（VR）系统的NeuroreHabilitations技术最近被广泛成为恢复虚线肢体运动和减轻幻影肢体疼痛（PLP）的康复方法。然而，研究之间存在镇痛作用，可能是因为患者之间PLP特征的差异（例如，痉挛，燃烧，射击）。我们旨在揭示VR效应与PLP特性之间的关系，使用探索性因子分析。方法。使用短型McGill疼痛问卷（SF-MPQ）测量19名患者的PLP特性，所有PLP患者均进行VR康复议定书20分钟。在VR康复期间，通过头戴式显示器向患者提出了完整臂（虚拟幻影肢体）的镜面反转的计算机图形图像，诱导在打算在致力于运动时对其虚拟肢体运动的自愿执行感知。结果。 VR康复明显恢复恢复的运动表示（P <0.0001）使用Bimanual偶联效果量化，显着缓解PLP强度（P <0.0001）。因子分析显示，PLP特征可分为两个因素：“躯体感染相关的疼痛特征”和“与相关疼痛特征”。通过VR康复的PLP缓解与“与Kinestia相关疼痛特性”（R = 0.47，P = 0.02）显着相关，但不是“躯体感染相关的疼痛特性”（R = 0.22，P = 0.17）。结论。目前的发现表明，与典型的神经病感觉（例如，射击，燃烧，发敏累）相比，VR康复可能对与扭曲的虚线肢体运动和身体表示相关的PLP特别有效（例如，夹紧，啃咬）。

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