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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Two's a crowd? Crowding effect in a parasitic castrator drives differences in reproductive resource allocation in single vs double infections
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Two's a crowd? Crowding effect in a parasitic castrator drives differences in reproductive resource allocation in single vs double infections

机译：两个人的人群？ 在寄生阉割中的拥挤效果驱动单个与双感染的生殖资源分配的差异

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摘要

The crowding effect' is a result of competition by parasites within a host for finite resources. Typically, the severity of this effect increases with increasing numbers of parasites within a host and manifests in reduced body size and thus fitness. Evidence for the crowding effect is mixed - while some have found negative effects, others have found a positive effect of increased parasite load on parasite fitness. Parasites are consumers with diverse trophic strategies reflected in their life history traits. These distinctions are useful to predict the effects of crowding. We studied a parasitic castrator, a parasite that usurps host reproductive energy and renders the host sterile. Parasitic castrators typically occur as single infections within hosts. With multiple parasitic castrators, we expect strong competition and evidence of crowding. We directly assess the effect of crowding on reproductive success in a barnacle population infected by a unique parasitic castrator, Hemioniscus balani, an isopod parasite that infects and blocks reproduction of barnacles. We find (1) strong evidence of crowding in double infections, (2) increased frequency of double infections in larger barnacle hosts with more resources and (3) perfect compensation in egg production, supporting strong space limitation. Our results document that the effects of crowding are particularly severe for this parasitic castrator, and may be applicable to other castrators that are also resource or space limited.
机译：拥挤效应是一个主机内寄生虫的竞争的结果。通常，这种效果的严重程度随着宿主内的数量越来越多的寄生虫而增加，并且体积减少，因此的适应性。挤出效果的证据是混合 - 虽然有些人发现了负面影响，但其他人已经发现寄生虫载荷增加对寄生虫健身的积极作用。寄生虫是具有不同营养史的消费者反映在他们的生命历史特质中。这些区别对于预测拥挤的影响是有用的。我们研究了寄生阉割，一种寄生虫寄生虫生殖能量，使主体无菌呈现。寄生阉料赛通常在主机内作为单一感染发生。随着多种寄生轿车，我们期望强烈的竞争和拥挤的证据。我们直接评估拥挤对由独特寄生轿车，HemioiCus Balani，一种感染和阻断藤壶繁殖的Isopod寄生虫感染的Barny寄生轿车阉盆的生殖成功的效果。我们发现（1）强有力地证明了双重感染的众所周知，（2）较大的横盖主持人的双重感染频率增加，具有更多资源和（3）鸡蛋生产的完美补偿，支持强大的空间限制。我们的结果记录了拥挤的效果对于这种寄生轿车来说特别严重，并且可以适用于其他资源或空间有限的搬运工。

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