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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Proximity to parasites reduces host fitness independent of infection in a Drosophila–Macrocheles system
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Proximity to parasites reduces host fitness independent of infection in a Drosophila–Macrocheles system

机译：寄生虫的邻近患者可根据果蝇 - 宏级系统中的感染而减少宿主健身

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摘要

Parasites are known to have direct negative effects on host fitness; however, the indirect effects of parasitism on host fitness sans infection are less well understood. Hosts undergo behavioural and physiological changes when in proximity to parasites. Yet, there is little experimental evidence showing that these changes lead to long-term decreases in host fitness. We aimed to determine if parasite exposure affects host fitness independent of contact, because current approaches to parasite ecology may underestimate the effect of parasites on host populations. We assayed the longevity and reproductive output of Drosophila nigrospiracula exposed or not exposed to ectoparasitic Macrocheles subbadius. In order to preclude contact and infection, mites and flies were permanently separated with a mesh screen. Exposed flies had shorter lives and lower fecundity relative to unexposed flies. Recent work in parasite ecology has argued that parasite–host systems show similar processes as predator–prey systems. Our findings mirror the non-consumptive effects observed in predator–prey systems, in which prey species suffer reduced fitness even if they never come into direct contact with predators. Our results support the perspective that there are analogous effects in parasite–host systems, and suggest new directions for research in both parasite ecology and the ecology of fear.
机译：已知寄生虫对宿主健身具有直接的负面影响;然而，寄生派对寄生体对宿主健身的间接影响不太了解。宿主在寄生虫附近进行行为和生理变化。然而，很少有实验证据表明这些变化导致宿主健身的长期减少。我们旨在确定寄生虫暴露是否影响宿主的健身，因为目前对寄生虫生态学的方法可能低估寄生虫对宿主人群的影响。我们测定了暴露于异种肝炎巨像子植物的果蝇Nigropiracula的寿命和生殖输出。为了排除接触和感染，螨虫和苍蝇与网状筛网永久分开。暴露的苍蝇相对于未曝光苍蝇的生命和较低的繁殖力较短。寄生虫生态学的最新作品认为，寄生虫 - 主机系统显示与捕食者 - 猎物系统类似的过程。我们的发现反映了捕食者 - 猎物系统中观察到的非消耗效果，其中猎物物种即使他们从未与捕食者直接接触而遭受降低的健康。我们的结果支持寄生虫系统中存在类似的效果，并为寄生虫生态和恐惧生态学建议研究新的方向。

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