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首页> 外文期刊>Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment: An International Journal for Scientific Research on the Relationship of Agriculture and Food Production to the Biosphere >Diagnostic indicators of soil quality in productive and non-productive smallholders' fields of Kenya's Central Highlands.
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Diagnostic indicators of soil quality in productive and non-productive smallholders' fields of Kenya's Central Highlands.

机译：肯尼亚中部高地生产性和非生产性小农户土壤质量的诊断指标。

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摘要

A study was conducted to identify indicators of soil fertility status that are consistent with farmers' perceptions of soil fertility. Physical, chemical and biological properties of soils (Kikuyu red clay, Humic Nitisols) were measured from pairedfields identified as either productive or non-productive by 12 farmers and compared to findings of a household survey on soil fertility management. Special attention was given to the potential of different soil organic matter fractions to serve as diagnostic indicators of soil fertility. Farmers' criteria for distinguishing soil productivity included crop performance, soil tilth, moisture and colour and presence of weeds and soil invertebrates. All farmers attributed low fertility to inadequate use of organic and inorganic fertilizers (100%) and removal of crop residues (100%). Other causes included continuous cropping (83%), lack of crop rotation (66%) and soil erosion (42%). Productive soils had significantly higher soil pH, effective cation exchangecapacity, exchangeable cations, extractable P and total N and P than non-productive soils. Total organic C and several estimates of soil labile C including particulate organic C (POC), three Ludox density separates of POC, KMnO4-oxidizable C and microbial biomass C were significantly greater in productive soils. Soil microbial biomass N, net N mineralization and soil respiration were also significantly higher in productive soils. Soil microbial biomass N, net N mineralization and soil respiration werealso significantly higher in productive soils. Farmers' perceptions of soil quality were substantiated through soil chemical analyses and soil organic matter fractions provided precise information on these differences. The similarity of soil physical properties in productive and non-productive fields suggests that differences in chemical and biological indicators may have resulted, in part, from smallholders' management and are not inherent properties of the soils.
机译：进行了一项研究，以确定与农民对土壤肥力的认识相一致的土壤肥力状况的指标。土壤的物理，化学和生物学特性（Kikuyu红粘土，腐殖质尼古洛尔）是从12个农民确定为生产性或非生产性的配对田中测得的，并与家庭土壤肥力管理调查的结果进行了比较。特别注意了不同土壤有机质组分作为土壤肥力诊断指标的潜力。农民区分土壤生产力的标准包括作物性能，土壤倾斜度，水分和颜色以及杂草和无脊椎动物的存在。所有农民都将低肥力归因于有机和无机肥料的使用不充分（100％）和作物残留物的清除（100％）。其他原因包括连作（83％），缺乏轮作（66％）和水土流失（42％）。与非生产性土壤相比，生产性土壤具有显着更高的土壤pH，有效的阳离子交换能力，可交换的阳离子，可萃取的磷以及总氮和磷。在生产性土壤中，总有机碳和土壤不稳定碳的几种估算值，包括颗粒有机碳（POC），三种Ludox密度的POC，KMnO4可氧化的C和微生物生物量C均明显更高。在生产性土壤中，土壤微生物量氮，净氮矿化和土壤呼吸也显着较高。在生产性土壤中，土壤微生物量氮，净氮矿化和土壤呼吸也显着较高。农民对土壤质量的认识通过土壤化学分析得到证实，土壤有机质含量提供了有关这些差异的精确信息。在生产性和非生产性领域中，土壤物理性质的相似性表明，化学和生物指标的差异可能部分是由于小农户的管理所致，而不是土壤的固有性质。

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