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首页> 外文期刊>Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment: An International Journal for Scientific Research on the Relationship of Agriculture and Food Production to the Biosphere >Farmlands with smaller crop fields have higher within-field biodiversity
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Farmlands with smaller crop fields have higher within-field biodiversity

机译：农田较小的农田具有较高的田间生物多样性

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摘要

Simple rules for landscape management seem elusive because different species and species groups are associated with different land cover types; a change in landscape structure that increases diversity of one group may reduce diversity of another. On the other hand, if simple landscape-biodiversity relationships do exist despite this complexity, they would have great practical benefit to conservation management. With these considerations in mind, we tested for consistent relationships between landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity in farmland (the cropped areas in agricultural landscapes), with a view to developing simple rules for landscape management that could increase biodiversity within farmland. Our measures of farmland heterogeneity were crop diversity and mean crop field size, where increases in crop diversity and/or decreases in mean field size represent increasing landscape heterogeneity. We sampled the abundance, and alpha, gamma and beta diversity of birds, plants, butterflies, syrphids, bees, carabids and spiders, in crop fields within each of 93 1 km x 1 km agricultural landscapes. The landscapes were selected to represent three gradients in landscape composition and heterogeneity: proportion of the landscape in crop, mean crop field size and Shannon crop type diversity of the farmland. We found that mean crop field size had the strongest overall effect on biodiversity measures in crop fields, and this effect was consistently negative. Based on our results we suggest that, if biodiversity conservation in crop fields is a priority, policies and guidelines aimed at reducing crop field sizes should be considered. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：简单的景观管理规则似乎难以捉摸，因为不同的物种和物种组与不同的土地覆盖类型相关;景观结构的变化增加了一个群体的多样性可能会减少另一个群体的多样性。另一方面，如果尽管存在这种复杂性，如果确实存在简单的景观-生物多样性关系，那么它们将对保护管理产生巨大的实际利益。考虑到这些考虑因素，我们测试了景观异质性与农田（农业景观中的种植区）的生物多样性之间的一致性关系，以期开发出简单的景观管理规则，以增加农田内的生物多样性。我们对农田异质性的度量是作物多样性和平均作物田间面积，其中作物多样性的增加和/或平均田间面积的减少表示景观异质性的增加。我们在93个1 km x 1 km的农业景观中的每个农田中，对鸟类，植物，蝴蝶，蓝蝶，蜜蜂，甲壳类动物和蜘蛛的丰度以及alpha，γ和beta多样性进行了采样。选择景观代表景观组成和异质性的三个梯度：农田中景观的比例，农田的平均耕地面积和香农作物类型的多样性。我们发现，平均耕地面积对耕地生物多样性措施的整体影响最大，而这一影响始终是负面的。根据我们的结果，我们建议，如果优先考虑作物田中的生物多样性保护，则应考虑旨在缩小作物田地的政策和指南。 （C）2014 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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