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首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. Biological Sciences >The evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores
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The evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores

机译：Fissiped Carnivores中母系社会系统的演变

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摘要

We review matrilineal relationships in the societies of fissiped mammalian carnivores, focusing on how the most complex of these may have evolved from simpler systems. Although competition for food is very intense at the trophic level occupied by most carnivores, and although most species of extant fissiped carnivores therefore lead solitary lives, some species show at least rudimentary clustering of maternal kin and matrilineal resource-sharing or transmission of critical resources between generations. The resources shared or transmitted range from individual food items and territories to entire networks of potential allies. The greatest elaboration of matrilineal relationships has occurred in two large carnivores, lions and spotted hyenas, which occur sympatrically throughout much of Africa. The societies of both these species apparently evolved in response to a shared suite of ecological conditions. The highly matrilineal societies of spotted hyenas are unique among carnivores and closely resemble the societies of many cercopithecine primates. The conditions favouring the evolution of matrilineal societies in carnivores include male-biased dispersal, female philopatry, the need for assistance in protecting or provisioning offspring, reliance on large or abundant prey, particularly in open habitat, high population density and kin-structured cooperative interactions that have strong positive effects on fitness.
机译：我们回顾了哺乳动物哺乳动物社会中的母系关系，重点关注这些可能是如何从更简单的系统演变的最复杂的。虽然食物的竞争对于大多数食肉动物占用的营养水平非常激烈，但虽然大多数现存的蠕动食肉动物因此引起孤独的生活，但一些物种表现出至少基本的母儿和母体资源共享或在关键资源中传播几代人。将各个食品和地区的资源与各个潜在盟友网络共享或传播范围。在两种大型食肉动物，狮子和察觉的鬣狗中发生了最大的母体关系的制定，这在非洲的大部分大部分地区发生了一次性。这两种物种的社会显然是为了响应共享的生态条件套件而演变。发现鬣狗的高度母系社会在食肉动物中是独一无二的，并且与许多氰化钠灵长类动物的社会密切相关。有利于母体素社会在肉食病变中的演变的条件包括雄性偏见的分散，女性哲学，需要援助保护或供应后代，依赖大或丰富的猎物，特别是在开放的人群，高人口密度和亲属的合作社相互作用中对健身具有很强的积极影响。

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