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首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. Biological Sciences >Infection and immune control of human oncogenic gamma-herpesviruses in humanized mice
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Infection and immune control of human oncogenic gamma-herpesviruses in humanized mice

机译：人源性小鼠人致癌γ-疱疹病毒的感染和免疫控制

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摘要

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) comprise the oncogenic human gamma-herpesvirus family and are responsible for 2-3% of all tumours in man. With their prominent growth-transforming abilities and high prevalence in the human population, these pathogens have probably shaped the human immune system throughout evolution for near perfect immune control of the respective chronic infections in the vast majority of healthy pathogen carriers. The exclusive tropism of EBV and KSHV for humans has, however, made it difficult in the past to study their infection, tumourigenesis and immune control in vivo. Mice with reconstituted human immune system components (humanized mice) support replication of both viruses with both persisting latent and productive lytic infection. Moreover, B-cell lymphomas can be induced by EBV alone and KSHV co-infection with gene expression hallmarks of human malignancies that are associated with both viruses. Furthermore, cell-mediated immune control by primarily cytotoxic lymphocytes is induced upon infection and can be probed for its functional characteristics as well as putative requirements for its priming. Insights that have been gained from this model and remaining questions will be discussed in this review.
机译：Epstein-Barr病毒（EBV）和Kaposi Sarcoma相关的Herpesvirus（KSHV）包含致癌的人类γ-疱疹病毒家族，并负责2-3％的人类肿瘤。随着他们突出的生长转化能力和人口普及率高，这些病原体在整个慢性感染的近乎完美的免疫感染近，这些病原体可能塑造了近乎绝大多数健康病原体携带者的慢性感染的进化。然而，对于人类的EBV和KSHV的独家热衷于研究他们在体内研究其感染，肿瘤性和免疫控制。具有重构的人免疫系统组分（人源化小鼠）的小鼠支持两种病毒的复制，持续存在潜伏和生产性裂解感染。此外，B细胞淋巴瘤可以单独诱导和KSHV共同感染与两种病毒相关的人类恶性肿瘤的基因表达标志。此外，感染诱导主要细胞毒性淋巴细胞的细胞介导的免疫对照，可以探讨其功能特性以及其引发的推定要求。在本次审查中讨论了从该模型中获得的洞察力和剩下的问题。

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