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QCD equation of state matched to lattice data and exhibiting a critical point singularity

机译：与晶格数据相匹配的QCD方程，呈现临界点奇点

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摘要

We construct a family of equations of state for QCD in the temperature range 30 MeV <= T <= 800 MeV and in the chemical potential range 0 <= mu(B) <= 450 MeV. These equations of state match available lattice QCD results up to O(mu(4)(B)) and in each of them we place a critical point in the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model universality class. The position of this critical point can be chosen in the range of chemical potentials covered by the second Beam Energy Scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We discuss possible choices for the free parameters, which arise from mapping the Ising model onto QCD. Our results for the pressure, entropy density, baryon density, energy density, and speed of sound can be used as inputs in the hydrodynamical simulations of the fireball created in heavy ion collisions. We also show our result for the second cumulant of the baryon number in thermal equilibrium, displaying its divergence at the critical point. In the future, comparisons between RHIC data and the output of the hydrodynamic simulations, including calculations of fluctuation observables, built upon the model equations of state that we have constructed may be used to locate the critical point in the QCD phase diagram, if there is one to be found.
机译：我们在温度范围内为QCD构建一个状态的一系列状态，在30meV <= t <= 800mev和化学电位范围内0 <= mu（b）<= 450mev。状态匹配的这些方程式可用的晶格QCD将结果最多可达O（4）（b）），并且在每个中，我们在三维（3D）ising模型普遍性类中放置一个临界点。该临界点的位置可以选择在相对论的重离子撞机处的第二梁能量扫描覆盖的化学电位范围内。我们讨论了自由参数的可能选择，从将Ising模型映射到QCD上。我们的压力，熵密度，重度密度，能量密度和声音速度的结果可以用作在重离子碰撞中产生的火球的流体动力模拟中的输入。我们还显示出热平均衡中的第二个累积量的结果，在临界点显示其发散。在将来，RARIC数据与流体动力模拟的输出的比较，包括在我们构造的状态的模型方程上构建了波动可观察到的计算，可以用于定位QCD相图中的临界点，如果存在一个被发现。

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