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首页> 外文期刊>Primates >Tie one on: 'nest tying' by wild chimpanzees at Bulindi-a variant of a universal great ape behavior?
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Tie one on: 'nest tying' by wild chimpanzees at Bulindi-a variant of a universal great ape behavior?

机译：绑一个：'巢捆绑'在Bulindi的野生黑猩猩 - 一个普遍的猿行为的变种？

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摘要

With data accumulating from a growing pool of chimpanzee field studies, new behaviors as well as novel variants on common behaviors continue to be described. Nest construction is a universal behavior in wild great apes. Among chimpanzee populations, reported variation in nest building behavior mostly reflects environmental constraints. Despite the ubiquity of nest making by chimpanzees, only ground nesting has been recognized as a behavioral variant, potentially determined by both environmental and social factors. In a study of nests made by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Bulindi, Uganda, I identified a hitherto undescribed nest construction technique, termed 'nest tying'. Five observed nests lacked strong weight-bearing structures beneath them, such as large branches or a supporting trunk. Instead, the nests appeared 'tied' (or 'tethered') to an adjacent trunk by looping leafy stems or palm fronds around it and interweaving these into the nest mattress, securing the nest against the trunk; thus, nest tying presumably functions to provide added stability and support. This preliminary report presents a description of the observed nests. Irrespective of whether nest tying constitutes true knot making-commonly considered absent in wild great apes-this nest construction technique would seem to require advanced dexterity and a sophisticated understanding of the mechanical properties of the plants used. Forest fragments in Bulindi are highly degraded. Thus, nest tying-and construction of integrated nests (i.e., utilizing multiple plants, often small trees and shrubs) generally-may be promoted by a relative paucity of suitable nesting trees at this site. Still, insofar as nest building is learned in chimpanzees, different construction techniques including nest tying are potentially acquired through social learning. Further investigation is required to ascertain the prevalence and acquisition of this nest construction technique at Bulindi, and to verify its presence or absence in other habitats.
机译：随着从生长的黑猩猩实地研究中累积的数据，继续描述新行为以及新的常见行为的新型变体。巢施工是野生猿的普遍行为。在黑猩猩群体中，报道巢建筑行为的变化主要反映了环境限制。尽管通过黑猩猩筑巢的巢制造令人难以忍受，但只有地面嵌套被认为是行为变体，可能由环境和社会因素决定。在乌干达布林迪（Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii）制造的巢穴研究中，我确定了一个迄今为止未被描述的巢施工技术，称为“巢绑”。五个观察到的巢缺乏在它们下面的强力轴承结构，例如大分支或支撑躯干。相反，巢穴出现了“捆绑”（或“捆绑”（或'系绳'）通过环绕叶状茎或棕榈叶圈，并在其周围与棕榈叶相互交织，将巢穴固定在巢床上;因此，嵌套可以提出函数来提供额外的稳定性和支持。该初步报告呈现了观察到的巢穴的描述。无论巢捆绑是否构成真正的结制作 - 常见认为在野生猿人中缺席 - 这种巢施工技术似乎需要先进的灵敏度和对所用植物的机械性能的复杂理解。 Bulindi的森林碎片高度降级。因此，通常可以通过在该网站上的合适嵌套树的相对缺陷促进整体巢（即，利用多种植物，通常小树和灌木的嵌套和构造。尽管如此，只要在黑猩猩中学到巢大楼，包括巢捆绑在内的不同施工技术可能通过社会学习获得。需要进一步调查来确定博林迪的普遍存产和收购这种巢施工技术，并验证其其他栖息地的存在或缺席。

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