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首页> 外文期刊>The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene >The Burden of Typhoid Fever in South Africa: The Potential Impact of Selected Interventions
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The Burden of Typhoid Fever in South Africa: The Potential Impact of Selected Interventions

机译：南非伤寒的负担：所选干预措施的潜在影响

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Typhoid fever is notifiable in South Africa but clinical notification is notoriously poor. South Africa has an estimated annual incidence rate of 0.1 cases per 100,000 population of culture-confirmed typhoid fever, decreased from 17 cases per 100,000 population in the 1980s. This work was undertaken to identify the reasons for this decrease and identify potential weaknesses that may result in an increase of observed cases. Culture-confirmed cases, with additional demographic and clinical data have been collected from selected sentinel sites since 2003. Data on contextual factors (gross domestic product [GDP], sanitation, female education, and childhood diarrhea mortality) were collected. National incidence rates of culture-confirmed typhoid fever have remained constant for the past 13 years, with the exception of an outbreak in 2005: incidence was 0.4 per 100,000 population. Paratyphoid fever remains a rare disease. Antimicrobial susceptibility data suggest resistance to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin is emerging. The South African population increased from 27.5 million in 1980 to 55.0 million in 2015: urbanization increased from 50% to 65%, GDP increased from United States Dollar (USD) $2,910 to USD $6,167, access to sanitation improved from 64.4% to 70.0% in the urban population and 26.4% to 60.5% in rural areas. Female literacy levels improved from 74.8% to 92.6% over the period. Improved socioeconomic circumstances in South Africa have been temporally associated with decreasing incidence rates of typhoid fever over a 35-year period. Ongoing challenges remain including potential for large outbreaks, a large immigrant population, and emerging antimicrobial resistance. Continued active surveillance is mandatory.
机译：南非通报伤寒，但临床通知是众所周知的。南非估计年度发病率为0.1例每10万人文化证实的伤寒症，从20世纪80年代的每10万人17例减少。这项工作是为了确定这种减少的原因，并确定可能导致观察到病例增加的潜在弱点。自2003年以来，从选定的Sentinel站点收集了文化确认的病例。收集了关于中文因素（国内生产总值[GDP]，卫生，女教育和儿童腹泻死亡率）的数据。在过去的13年里，国家发病率的文化确认的伤寒率仍然是不变的，而2005年的爆发除外：每10万人的发病率为0.4。副伤病仍然是一种罕见的疾病。抗微生物易感性数据表明对环丙沙星和阿奇霉素的抗性正在出现。南非人口从1980年的2750万增加到2015年的55000万次：城市化从50％增加到65％，GDP从美元（美元）增加到6,167美元，获得卫生从64.4％提高到70.0％城市人口和农村地区的26.4％至60.5％。在此期间，女性识字水平从74.8％提高到92.6％。提高南非的社会经济环境在35年期间，南非的社会经济环境逐时与伤寒发烧的发病率降低。持续挑战仍然包括大爆发，大型移民群和新出现的抗菌性抗性潜力。持续的积极监测是强制性的。

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