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首页> 外文期刊>The American Naturalist: Devoted to the Conceptual Unification of the Biological Sciences >(In)exhaustible Suppliers for Evolution? Epistatic Selection Tunes the Adaptive Potential of Nongenetic Inheritance
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(In)exhaustible Suppliers for Evolution? Epistatic Selection Tunes the Adaptive Potential of Nongenetic Inheritance

机译：（in）进化的疲惫的供应商？ 背景选择调整环境遗产的自适应潜力

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Nongenetic inheritance media-from methyl-accepting cytosines to culture-tend to mutate more frequently than DNA sequences. Whether this makes them inexhaustible suppliers for adaptive evolution will depend on the effect of nongenetic mutations (hereafter, epimutations) on fitness-related traits. Here we investigate how these effects might themselves evolve, specifically whether natural selection may set boundaries to the adaptive potential of nongenetic inheritance media because of their higher mutability. In our model, the genetic and epigenetic contributions to a nonneutral phenotype are controlled by an epistatic modifier locus, which evolves under the combined effects of drift and selection. We show that a pure genetic control evolves when the environment is stable-provided that the population is large-such that the phenotype becomes robust to frequent epimutations. When the environment fluctuates, however, selection on the modifier locus also fluctuates and can overall produce a large nongenetic contribution to the phenotype, especially when the epimutation rate matches the rate of environmental variation. We further show that selection on the modifier locus is generally insensitive to recombination, meaning it is mostly direct, that is, not relying on subsequent effects in future generations. These results suggest that unstable inheritance media might significantly contribute to fitness variation of traits subject to highly variable selective pressures but little to traits responding to scarcely variable aspects of the environment. More generally, our study demonstrates that the rate of mutation and the adaptive potential of any inheritance media should not be seen as independent properties.
机译：Nongenetic遗传介质 - 从甲基接受的胞嘧啶到培养 - 倾向于比DNA序列更频繁地突变。无论这使得它们是否取之不尽的自适应进化供应商将取决于环境突变（以下，旁观值）对健身相关性状的影响。在这里，我们调查这些效果如何自身发展，具体是自然选择是否可以将边界设定为环境的自适应潜力，因为它们的可变性较高。在我们的模型中，对非暴力表型的遗传和表观遗传贡献由外观改性剂基因座控制，这在漂移和选择的综合影响下发展。我们表明，当环境稳定时，纯粹的遗传控制发展 - 如果群体很大，则表型变得繁荣到频繁的缩放。然而，当环境波动时，在改性剂基因座上的选择也波动并且整体可以对表型产生大的环境贡献，特别是当换像率与环境变化率匹配时。我们进一步表明，改性剂基因座的选择通常对重组不敏感，这意味着它主要是直接的，即不依赖于后代的后续影响。这些结果表明，不稳定的遗传介质可能会显着促进特征的特性变异，这对具有高度可变选择性压力的特性，但对环境几乎不变的方面令人响应的特征很少。更一般地，我们的研究表明，任何继承介质的突变率和自适应潜力不应被视为独立性质。

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