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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Unusual developmental morphology and anatomy of vegetative organs in Utricularia dichotoma-leaf, shoot and root dynamics
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Unusual developmental morphology and anatomy of vegetative organs in Utricularia dichotoma-leaf, shoot and root dynamics

机译：Utricularia Dichotoma-叶，射击和根动力学中植物子宫的异常发育形态和解剖学

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摘要

The terrestrial carnivorous species Utricularia dichotoma is known for a great phenotypic plasticity and unusual vegetative organs. Our investigation on 22 sources/populations revealed that after initiation of a leaf and two bladders on a stolon, a bud was formed in the proximal axil of the leaf, developing into a rosette with up to seven organs. The first two primordia of the bud grew into almost every possible combination of organs, but often into two anchor stolons. The patterns were generally not population specific. The interchangeability of organs increased with increasing rank in the succession of organs on stolon nodes. A high potential of switching developmental programs may be successful in a fluctuating environment. In this respect, we were able to show that bladders developed from anchor stolons experimentally when raising the water table. Anatomical structures were simple, lacunate and largely homogenous throughout all organs. They showed similarities with many hydrophytes, reflecting the plant's adaptation to (temporarily) submerged conditions. The principal component analysis was used in the context of dynamic morphology to illustrate correlations between organ types in the morphospace of U. dichotoma, revealing an organ specific patchwork of developmental processes for typical leaves and shoots, and less pronounced for a typical root. The concept and methods we applied may prove beneficial for future studies on the evolution of Lentibulariaceae, and on developmental morphology and genetics of unusual structures in plants.
机译：陆地肉食物种Utricularia Dichotoma是一种伟大的表型可塑性和不寻常的植物器官。我们对22个来源/群体的调查显示，在叶子上发起叶子和两个膀胱后，在叶子的近端腋中形成芽，呈现为玫瑰花汁，最多七个器官。芽的前两个原奖成长为几乎所有可能的器官组合，但常常分为两个锚斯托洛尔。模式通常不是特定的人口。在匍匐节点上的器官连续的级别增加时，器官的互换性增加。切换发展计划的高潜力可能在波动环境中取得成功。在这方面，我们能够在提升水桌时从锚斯托尔斯从锚Stolons开发的膀胱。在所有器官中，解剖结构简单，格林酸盐和大部分均匀。它们显示出与许多疏水物的相似性，反映了植物的适应（暂时）淹没条件。主要成分分析用于动态形态的背景下使用，以说明器官类型在U. dichotom的形态学中的相关性，揭示了典型的叶片和芽的发育过程的器官特定拼凑，以及典型根的典型根本不明显。我们所申请的概念和方法可能会对未来的幸福图学进化以及植物中不寻常结构的发育形态和遗传学的研究有益。

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