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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Cytomixis in plants: facts and doubts
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Cytomixis in plants: facts and doubts

机译：植物中的细胞膜：事实和疑虑

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The migration of nuclei between plant cells (cytomixis) is a mysterious cellular phenomenon frequently observable in the male meiosis of higher plants. Cytomixis attracts attention because of unknown cellular mechanisms underlying migration of nuclei and its potential evolutionary significance, since the genetic material is transferred between the cells that form pollen. Although cytomixis was discovered over a century ago, the advance in our understanding of this process has been rather insignificant because of methodological difficulties. The data that allowed for a new insight into this phenomenon were obtained by examining the migrating nuclei with electron and confocal laser microscopy, immunostaining, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. As has been shown, the chromatin migrating between cells is surrounded by an undamaged nuclear membrane. Such chromatin does not undergo heterochromatization and contains normal euchromatin markers. The condensation degree of the migrating chromatin corresponds to the current meiotic stage, and normal structures of synaptonemal complex are present in the migrating part of the nucleus. The cells involved in cytomixis lack any detectable morphological and molecular markers of programmed cell death. It has been shown that individual chromosomes and genomes (in the case of allopolyploids) have no predisposition to the migration between cells, i.e., parts of the nucleus are involved in cytomixis in a random manner. However, the fate of migrating chromatin after it has entered the recipient cell is still vague. A huge amount of indirect data suggests that migrating chromatin is incorporated into the nucleus of the recipient cell; nonetheless, the corresponding direct evidences are still absent. No specific markers of cytomictic chromatin have been yet discovered. Thus, the causes and consequences of cytomixis are still disputable. This review briefs the recent data on the relevant issues, describes the classical and modern method
机译：植物细胞（Cytomixis）之间的核迁移是在高等植物的雄性减数分裂中经常可观察到的神秘细胞现象。 Cytomixis由于核迁移的未知细胞机制及其潜在的进化意义，因此引起了注意力，因为遗传物质在形成花粉的细胞之间转移。虽然在一个世纪以前发现了Cytomixis，但我们对这一过程的理解的进步是由于方法论困难而相当微不足道。通过将迁移核与电子和共聚焦激光显微镜，免疫染色和原位杂交的荧光进行迁移核来获得新洞察这一现象的数据。如图所示，在细胞之间迁移的染色质被未损坏的核膜包围。这种染色质不会经过异铬化并含有正常的欧氏菌蛋白标志物。迁移染色质的缩合度对应于当前的减数阶段，并且突触骨膜骨基复合物的正常结构存在于核的迁移部分中。涉及细胞膜细胞的细胞缺乏编程细胞死亡的任何可检测的形态和分子标记。已经表明，单个染色体和基因组（在所有聚倍数的情况下）对细胞之间的迁移没有倾向于迁移，即，核的部分以随机方式涉及细胞膜。然而，在它进入受体细胞后迁移染色质的命运仍然模糊。大量间接数据表明将迁移的染色质掺入受体细胞的核中;尽管如此，相应的直接证据仍然存在。已经发现了细胞瘤的特异性标记。因此，细胞膜的原因和后果仍然是争议的。此述评简介最近关于相关问题的数据描述了古典和现代方法

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