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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation of keratinocytes in the developing beak and egg-tooth of the turtleEmydura macquarii
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Cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation of keratinocytes in the developing beak and egg-tooth of the turtleEmydura macquarii

机译：在Turtlemydura MacQuarii的露天喙和蛋牙角蛋白细胞的细胞增殖，粘附和分化

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The development of the beak in turtles is poorly known. Beak development has been analyzed by immunofluorescent methods for studying cell proliferation and localization of specific proteins. The flat two-layered epidermis covering the turtle embryo at mid stage of development becomes columnar in the oral region and is associated with an increase of mesenchymal density as in placodes. Using 5BrdU, an intense cell proliferation is observed in the oral and epidermal cells covering the maxilla and mandibular bones, probably stimulated by the underlying mesenchyme in continuation with maxillary and mandibular bones. Expansion and fusion of these placodes give rise to the corneous beak. Beta catenin, mainly junctional but also sparsely detected in nuclei of the germinal layer of the beak epithelium, maintains united the differentiating keratinocytes that form a stratified corneous epithelium. This is initially composed of some layers of large cells that accumulate intermediate filament keratins (IFKs) and give rise to a keratinized embryonic epidermis destined to slough around hatching. The following corneocytes accumulate IFKs but mainly type I/II corneous beta proteins (CBPs) and form a corneous beak. These CBPs appear present with lower intensity in the beak than in the shell, but the higher intensity obtained with a general antibody against CBPs indicates that other CBPs contribute to the composition and stiffness of beak corneous material. The egg-tooth in continuation with the stratum corneum of the maxillary beak develops from a localized proliferation and comprises a thick embryonic epidermis accumulating IFKs under which large beta-cells connected by adhesion proteins accumulate CBPs contributing to hardening of this temporary organ.
机译：乌龟的喙的发展是众所周知的。通过免疫荧光方法进行分析，用于研究细胞增殖和特定蛋白质定位的免疫荧光方法进行分析。覆盖在发育中期的龟胚的平面两层表皮在口腔区域的柱状处变成柱状，并且与位于分配器中的间充质密度的增加相关。使用5BRDU，在覆盖颌骨和下颌细胞的口腔和表皮细胞中观察到强烈的细胞增殖，可能由底层间充质在延续中呈上颌和下颌骨刺激。这些配设的扩展和融合导致了角色喙。 βcatenin，主要是连接的，但也稀疏地检测到喙上皮的发芽层的核中，维持联合的差异的角质形成细胞，形成分层的角质上皮。这最初由一些大细胞层组成，该层积累中间长丝角蛋白（Ifks），并产生注射裂缝的角质化胚胎表皮，用于周围的孵化。以下Corneocytes积累了IFK，但主要是I / II型角性β蛋白（CBP），形成一个角质喙。这些CBP出现在喙中的较低强度而不是壳体中的较低强度，但是用对抗CBP的一般抗体获得的更高强度表明其他CBP促进了喙多孔材料的组成和刚度。蛋齿继续与上颌喙的角质层从局部增殖发育，并且包含厚的胚胎表皮积聚的IFK，其在粘合蛋白连接的大β细胞积聚了CBP，该临时器官的硬化累积了CBP。

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